Occupant-generated CO2 as an indicator of ventilation rate.

Reports on 2 methods of measuring ventilation rates in the 8-storey San Francisco Social Services Building, using occupant-generated CO2 as a tracer gas. Measures CO2 concentration at regular intervals on the first floor using an infra-red gas detector. Uses the tracer gas decay method and the constant concentration (integral) method to determine ventilation rates. Finds that the CO2 decay method compares favourably with both SF6 tracer gas measurements and with air-flow measurements in the ducts.

Observations on climate and building design with paricular reference to building aerodynamics and its effect on fuel consumption in multi-storey dwellings.

Investigates the relationship between fuel consumption in a multi-storey block of flats and climatic exposure. Fuel consumption anomalies between identical flats are attributed to vagaries in the airflow around the building and highlight the need for improved standards of thermal insulation and/or differential thermal insulation, dependent upon flat insulation.

Sampling for air exchange rates in a variety of buildings.

Outlines a method for measuring air infiltration using the tracer gas decay technique. SF6 is introduced into a building, and once it is well mixed, container samples of air (in this case plastic bottles) taken over a period of time are analy

Algorithms to determine the altitude correction factors in Standard DIN 4701. Algorithmen zur Ermittlung der Hohenkorrekturfactoren in DIN 4701.

In future, high altitude correction factors will be considered in computing the ventilation heat load in high rise buildings. The algorithms necessary for the calculation are deducted and stated by the author.

Energy conservation by regulation of the central mechanical ventilation in high-rise buildings - realistic or not

Describes an investigation to see what energy saving can be achieved by the regulation of mechanical ventilation systems in high rise buildings. Measures air leakage in a block of flats, and uses a calculation model to predict the amount of energy lost due to ventilation in various situations. Concludes that the reduction of ventilation has no disadvantageous consequences for the operation of the system, and that the extracted air flow is affected more by incorrect adjustment of extractor vents then by opening windows, regardless of the setting of the ventilator.

Aeration through windows and energy savings for heating of tall buildings. Prievzdusnost skar okien a uspora energie na vykurovanie v budovach visky do25m.

Analyses an infiltration heat loss calculation in accordance with Standard CSN 06 0210, with regard to the minimum air exchange rate (0.3 ach/hr). Concludes that aeration through windows should be graded for buildings which are differently located in the landscape and thus differently exposed to the wind effect.

An investigation of technical and hygienic aspects of energy saving by reducing mechanical ventilation in a block of flats. Onderzoek naar de mogelijke energiebesparing en technische en hyienische aspekten van het verminderen van de mechanische ventilatie

Measurements were made of the apparent volume flows in the mechanical ventilation system of a block of flats, along with the expected energy arising from domestic ventilation. The aim was to see what energy saving could be obtained by reducing the mechanical ventilation in the block of flats. It was found that this depended on the reaction of the occupants. If they opened an extra vent light for a few hours per day, then the energy losses due toventilation were higher then before the reduction of the mechanical ventilation.

Calculating the flow processes in multi-storey buildings. Berechnung der stromungsvorgange in mehrgeschossigen gebauden.

The method to calculate flow processes in multi-storey buildings having uniform storey arrangement(residential and office buildings) can be simplified to an extent enabling calculation by hand. Nomographs are given to calculate flows in sectional and central corridor buildings. The air flow rates depending on the action of wind, buoyancy and exhaust air plant operation can be derived from these nomographs for different combinations of flow resistances of the buildings. The latter factors may be included in thecalculation either individually or in any combination.

Comparisons of wind tunnel and full-scale building surface pressures with emphasis on peaks.

Compares full-scale pressure coefficients obtained from a 57-storey building in Toronto with wind tunnel results for tests in the 9m by 9m wind tunnel at the National Research Council of Canada. Demonstrates good agreement where sufficient full-scale data exists. Proposes a method of treating peak pressures based on the fit of an exponential distribution to a population of "significant independent events", called pressure spikes. This distribution provides a good fit to both full-scale and wind tunnel results, which generally agree.

Air infiltration calculation in a multistorey building. Proposta di metodo per il calcolo delle infiltrazioni d'aria in un edificio multipiano.

Describes a method, derived from bibliographical research, for air infiltration calculation in a multistorey building. The method may be used both for computer calculations, in order to determine the building thermal balance hour by hour, and for steady state hand calculations. Analytical and experimental relations have been examined for the determination of the air flow rate due to wind and stack effect.

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