naturally ventilated

Building energy behaviour and indoor environmental conditions have been changing due to different external events that have been taking place at global level from 2020, from the COVID pandemic (2020-2022) to the energy crisis (mainly from the war in Ukraine from February 2022). During these events, existing naturally ventilated (NV) buildings have had to balance minimum thermal comfort, high levels of ventilation (to reduce CO2 concentration and risk of infection) and the lowest energy costs.