To predict the performance of a naturally ventilated building, estimates of the windinduced surface pressure distribution are needed. In urban environments, where buildings are grouped closely together, these surface pressures will be strongly influenced by the surrounding structures. In addition, the sheltering effect of the surrounding built-up environment can make it more difficult to obtain large enough pressure differences across a building necessary to produce adequate natural ventilation air flow rates.
During winter periods in four types of newly built terraced dwellings and in apartments of a flatbuilding,the daily behaviour and motivations of the inhabitants with respect to airing and ventilation have been studied. In total the information was obtained from 279 households. A combination of verbal interviews, diaries and technical measurements are used as methods of investigation. On basis of the findings,calculations can be made about air flows in occupied dwellings.
Describes construction of two townhouses taking into consideration several technical issues: 1) limiting of indoor sources of contamination, 2) limiting contaminants off-gassed from construction materials, 3) limiting entry of exterior contaminants, 4) control of occupant generated contaminants by mechanical and by natural ventilation, and 5) control of indoor humidity The units are to be monitored over the next two years.
Measured energy consumption figures are presented for a townhouse complex located in Regina, Saskatchewan. The complex consists of 8 two-storey wood frame structures incorporating low energy design principles and some passive solar features.
The air change rate and the volume of heated air of the villa were measured by the constant concentration tracer gas method during a period of 11 days. The total volume of the villa is 1000 m3 and the heated volume 530 m3. It is built on six half-levels. The occupants continued their normal lifestyle during themeasurements. The Compact Equipment for Survey of Air Renewal (CESAR) was used with nitrous oxide as tracer gas at a concentration of 100 ppm. The mean global air change rate was 0.50/h.
The purpose of the project has been to determine the saving in energy obtained in the practical operation of an FTX-system -that is, a fan-controlled supply and exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery - compared to an F-system, which is solely a fancontrolled exhaust system. The investigation, carried out in a terrace-house district in Skellefteg, showed the following savings for the FTX-systems in comparison with the F-systems: in 1-storey houses (81 m², airtightness approx. 1): appr. 1000 kWh/year in 2-storey houses (99.5 m², airtightness approx. 3) : appr. 1250 kWk/year.
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