The window coverage of buildings has increased in the past five years. This is especially true for office buildings. The national guidelines (ISO, DIN, CEN) advise designing according to the operative temperature. Following the advice leads to higher operative temperature than inside temperature in buildings with greater window coverage. We made local measurements in an office building. We determined air temperature operative temperature, subjective thermal votes, PMV, and PPD. Our paper contains the results of these measurements and conclusions.
Noise is the most common cause of complaint to environmental health officers in England and impact noise through ceilings has been identified as being particularly disturbing to occupants of dwellings. Floating floors incorporating a resilient layer are an accepted method of reducing impact noise and traditionally rockwool or mineral fibre quilts have been used. Flexible polyurethane open cell foams are now used in some systems in thinner layers than mineral fibre quilts and are more pleasant to handle.
This paper discusses the data handling and analysis software that has been produced as part of the Texas LoanSTAR program, a $98.6 million revolving loan program for funding energy conservation projects in state agencies. In this paper an overview of the different facets of data management for monitoring building energy data is presented.
This paper describes an improved multipyranometer array (MPA) for the continuous measurement of direct and diffuse solar radiation. The MPA described in this paper is an improvement over previously published MPA studies due several new features, including: the incorporation of an artificial horizon that prevents reflected ground radiation from striking the tilted sensors, and a routine that corrects the spectral response of photovoltaic-type sensors used in the MPA.
Concerning practical water network section, change in local resistance factor is result of any kind of valve closings or openings. Based on the developed model of water heating system network, the matter of the study will be the influence of the in local resistance to overall network resistance, and to the pump operating point. Radiator valve movement causes changes in flow rates, i. e. velocity in all network circuits, and has its further result in change in resistance factors, of the Reynolds number and in fluid friction coefficient.
A hourly simulation in dynamic conditions of building-plant system is able to give a rigorous evaluation of seasonal performances of a heat pump using outside air as cold source. However in professional applications we have often the necessity of speed estimation of the energetic and economic opportunities of its introduction whose advantages are not always real and sure. For this reason various simplified methods have been proposed. A new procedure to estimate seasonal performances of an air source heat pump is proposed here, based on utilization factor method.
One of the great influential feature on room temperature distribution is the insulation quality of the room. Each room of the typical Japanese modern house has a low heat capacity, high insulation quality and large windows which are less insulated. Temperature near the window is naturally low. These factors make the thermal insulation of the room strongly uneven. When heating the room, the location of the heat source largely affects room temperature distribution as well. This kind of distribution will be emphasized using an air-conditioner.
The objective of this work is to train an artificial neural network (ANN) to learn to predict the required heating load of buildings with the minimum of input data. An ANN has been trained based on 250 known cases of heating load, varying from very small rooms (1-2 mP2P) to large spaces of 100 mP2P floor area. The type of rooms varied from small toilets to large classroom halls, while the room temperatures varied from 18C to 23C. In addition to the above, an attempt was made to use a large variety of room characteristics.
It is well-known that there exist indoor temperature distributions. To have more precise predictions of indoor thermal comfort and better control of indoor thermal conditions, a both detailed and fast model of the dynamic indoor temperature distributions is needed. Unfortunately, very few papers studied such models due to the complexity of fluid (air) flows. CFD can be used as a detailed model. But it is too time consuming. This paper discusses two models in this respect, the fixed-flow-field model and air-zonal model. Both models are validated with experimental results.
The research we develop consists of evaluating "radiative comfort" during no heating periods in office buildings.The expression "radiative comfort" is used to characterise the thermal and visual component of the feeling of people set in indoor environments submitted to sky and sun irradiation by bay windows. Two numerical models, one for the visual behaviour and the other for the thermal aspect, have been adjusted We carried out simulations in the case of offices which is the main scope of our study.
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