air heating

The future is well-isolated buildings with low heating demand. The first office building in Norway satisfying the passive house standard, the GK environmental house in Oslo, was taken into use in August 2012.

The impact of over-tempered air on the perceived indoor climate was evaluated by questionnaires filled in by the users of the first office building with passive house standard in Norway. In this building, the heating demand is covered entirely by warm air supplied into the rooms through the ventilation system.

Measurements were performed in a test room at SINTEF building and infrastructure, Oslo. The test room is 16 m2 and built according to NS-EN 442-2.  Measurements of various air flow rates (9 l/s, 18 l/s, 34 l/s and 50 l/s) and different supply air temperatures (2, 4, 6 and 10 degrees over room temperature) were performed. Tracer gas (SF6) measurements were performed to evaluate ventilation effectiveness and age of air in occupied zone.

Detailed measurements of the thermal characteristics of one one-row and one four-row ducted, hydronic air heating coil have been performed. The measurements were made in a carefully designed and produced laboratory setup, capable of creating almost perfect step changes of both water flow rate and supply temperature. The heaters steady-state characteristics were first modeled. The model was then calibrated with a set of measurements by means of parameter estimation. Then a couple of dynamic models, based on the calibrated steadystate models, were tested.

This paper shows that it is possible to calculate the optimal outdoor air rate at different outdoor temperatures in the economiser cycle. The price of heat must increase 3 times before the optimal outdoor air rate during heating gets lower than during cooling. The optimal outdoor air rate during heating is determined primarily by the price of heat. The optimal outdoor air rate during cooling is determined primarily by the price of cooling capacity.

Pilot houses with solar air heating systems were and are being erected in Hungary by the ''THERMO Ltd." Company. This project had two goals: to adapt the OM concept as a whole, including the thermal properties of the building itself, and to check the performance of the elements of the OM system applied on houses, built according to the local standards and practice. The experiences of a building, built according to the local standards and practice are briefly presented in the paper.

The Haringkavel housing project consisting of 47 apartments is situated in the town of Boskoop, The Netherlands. This project, completed in 1989, consists of two parallel, three-floor apartment blocks with the areain between enclosed by a glas

Domestic heating systems with a heat exchanger are generally assessed for efficiency by the ratio of primary energy input delivered energy output. In practice, performance depends on all the components in the heat delivery system and on their matching. In the air heating system addressed here, the components include: the gas burning air heater, supply ducts, return ducts, heat recovery system, controls, fans, filters and pumps. This paper describes experiments conducted on a test house in Bath during the years 1991 to 1993.