Terrorist attack in buildings by chemical and biological agents (CBAs) is a reality in our lives. This study applies computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict CBA dispersion in an office building in order to find the best locations for CBA sensors and to develop effective ventilation systems to protect building occupants in case of indoor CBA releases. It is found that the CFD is a useful tool for such an application, while some challenges remain.
The prediction of plume dispersion near buildings is very important for the design of exhaust stacks andair intakes in order to avoid adverse air quality impacts. However, it is difficult to predict pollutantdispersion with certain accuracy due to the complex interaction between atmospheric flow and flowaround buildings.
Since our earth has finite material resources and biological capacity, human must live within thecarrying capacity on the earth.As we exceed the carrying capacity of the earths ecosystem over thetime they stressed, then go into decline and finally collapse. They are expanded further than renewed.The construction and operation of built environment contribute to the environmental loads. Those whodesign and purchase building have little or no methods to asses the environmental impact of theiractions.
Since the primary due period of 2008-2012 of the Kyoto Protocol Target Year is close at hand, specificmeasures for the prevention of global warming should be implemented in all areas. This paper outlinesthe energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission trends in the residential and commercialsectors in Japan. The paper presents the projections of CO2 emissions until 2050. The projectionsindicated that if the various energy conservation measures were implemented, up to 59% of reductionin CO2 emissions against the 1990 level can be achieved.
Relative humidity is one of the most important parameters which have an influence on human comfortand indoor air quality. Materials exposed to the air can absorb and desorb moisture and thereforeinfluence the relative humidity level. However hygroscopic materials are not always taken into accountin building energy performance simulation codes. The objective of presented work was to improvepredictions of the indoor relative humidity in a well known energy simulation tool TRNSYS.
As presented by the Energy Green Paper “A European Strategy for a sustainable, competitive and Secure Energy” (1), Europe has entered a new energy era. Global demand is increasing within a framework of high and unstable prices. Emissions of greenhouse gas
The IEA, section ECBCS (Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community systems), has launched the project Annex 45 ‘Energy Efficient Electric Lighting for Buildings’, of which subtask B deals with innovative technical solutions. Part of the work is to def
The EPLabel project is developing a ‘graduated response’ to address the EPBD Article 7.3 requirement for ‘Public Buildings’ over 1,000 m² to display an Energy Performance Certificate prominently. The idea is that assessments can be at different levels of
Indoor humidity is an important parameter influencing the occupants’ perception of indoor air quality, and is also a cause of harmful processes that may occur on surfaces of materials, such as cracking of walls or microbiological growth. Building material
In this past decade, glazed façades use in new buildings has soared. Some of these façades, called "double skin façades", are made of internal and external glazing. As indicated by its name, "double skin façades" are a special type of envelope which air s
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