Describes Germany's carbon dioxide reduction programme, which was passed in November 1990. As a step towards the protection of the global atmosphere, the extensive national programme is designed to cut back the carbon dioxide emissions in Germany by 25% by the year 2005. These values are based on the 1987 figures, so that 25% is the equivalent of 300 million tons of CO2. For the construction industry an even higher is to be achieved.
Carbon dioxide from (simulated) people distributes fairly evenly in a closed office room, but can show an irregular height distribution when the door to a connecting space is open. The distribution and room to room transfer of carbon dioxide is evaluated in a 4-room test building and is discussed in terms of its implication for C02-controlled ventilation.
The carbon dioxide concentration patterns in a large, high-rise, office building in Ottawa were examined experimentally using an automated data acquisition system. Daily C02 concentration profiles throughout the building and air change rates, using SF6 as a tracer gas, were measured at minimum outdoor air supply rates during much of a heating season.
With its cool summers and ready supply of low-cost gas, the United Kingdom does not offer the most favourable economic conditions for the widespread application of heat pumps. However, environmental concerns have recently led to al1 increasing interest in heat pumps in this country. To find out more about this trend, the HPC asked EA Technology to report on the situation in the UK regarding C02 and CFC emissions, and on the impact this has on the application of heat pumps.
Since the 1992 United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, many countries are now committed to limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases. The HPC's analysis "The Impact of heat Pumps on the Greenhouse Effect" has suggested that heat pumps can make a major contribution towards meeting this commitment, especially with regard to the reduction of Carbon dioxide emissions.
The computer model SIN-BIP is built as a combined model that can calculate energy consumption, price and environmental load for a building to get an energy efficient building. The program has a database with information of price, thermal conductivity, moisture conductivity, energy content and CO2-emission for materials. On the basis of this information can the program calculate for each construction, the U-value, the moisture resistance (and if there is condensation), the price, the energy used for producing the material and the environmental load from CO2-emission at the production.
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