Central Chilled Water System

District Energy Systems (DES), e.g. District Cooling Systems (DCS) and District Heating Systems (DHS), have been widely applied in large institutions in the United States, such as universities, government facilities, commercial districts, airports etc. The hydraulic system of a large DES can be very complicated. They often stem from an original design that has had extensive additions and deletions over time. Expanding or retrofitting such a system involves large capital investment. Consideration of future expansion is often required.