design process

To achieve future-proof buildings, it is crucial to design buildings and systems that can withstand to shocks (like heat waves and power outages) and reduce the impact of shocks on thermal comfort in a building. This is known as resilience to overheating.

A planned new train tunnel under the central parts of Stockholm was intended to be ventilated by natural ventilation and the movement of the trains. However, the amount of heat generated by the trains is so high that natural ventilation would give abnormal temperatures and velocities in the tunnel and at the stations. The heat adsorbed by the rock surrounding the tunnel can be neglected in comparison with the amount transported by air.