disease

The present paper is a review on methods and technologies for air cleaning from micro organisms andviruses, which are applicable with the present HVAC practices. The advantages and the drawbacks ofair dilution, filtration (HEPA, ULPA), ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), photocatalytic oxidation(PCO), plasmacluster ions and other technologies for air disinfection and purification is criticallyanalyzed with respect to the used today air distribution principles.

Accurate mathematical models of airborne infection are needed to estimate the risk from secondary transmission of biological warfare agents. An equation has been derived by the authors : they determined the fraction of inhaled air that has been exhaled previously by someone in the building by using a CO2 concentration as a marker for exhaled-breath exposure.
There is a critical rebreathed fraction of indoor air below which airborne propagation of common respiratory infections and influenza will not occur.

Background. A low ventilation rate has been shown to increase the risk for health and comfort problems in offices. However, very few studies have investigated the impact of ventilation rate at home on health effects, (Wargocki et al. 2002). The aim of this study was to investigate if low ventilation rates in homes do increase the risk for asthma and other allergic symptoms among pre-school children in Sweden.

Analyses the possibility of preventing disease being spread through a school ventilating system. States that the effectiveness of disinfecting recirculated air in blocking person to person transmission of airborne infection can be predicted to be great at the beginning of a potential outbreak and negligible during an established epidemic. Also states that air disinfection would supplement immunization in the control of respiratory infection and might be cost effective.

Nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) is a recognized risk to health care workers in the U.S. In 1994, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Facilities, 1994. (1) The Guidelines included recommendations for design and operation of Mfb isolation rooms.

Indoor air quality (IAQ) challenges outnumber all others in the health care industry. Unfortunately, the cost conscious powers that be have failed to make the management of critical infection control systems a top priority.