emission

This study evaluated the emission characteristics of ultrafine particles emitted during material extrusion type 3D printer, called Desktop 3D printer, operation in the test bed and mock-up environmental conditions respectively. For the measurement, a condensation particle counter (CPC) and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) were employed. In the test-bed evaluation, representative materials widely used nowadays such as ABS, PLA, TPU, PC, etc, emitted higher than the UFP criteria (3.5 ×1011) of 2D printer test method RAL-UZ 171.

According to an advancement of exergy research in relations to thermal comfort and built environment for the last fifteen years, the availability of “warm” or “cool” radiant exergy emitted by the interior surfaces of building envelope systems is crucially important in providing building occupants with adaptive opportunity for thermal comfort both in summer and in winter. This paper demonstrates some numerical examples showing how the thermal performance of window systems affects the availability of “warm” and “cool” radiant exergies.

In a previous study, a whole room IAQ model consisting of multi-phase emission/sorption model for wall materials and room volume mass balance model catering for practical ventilation schemes was developed. The interactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and building materials composing different building components can thus be modeled based on fundamental mass transfer theories. In the present study, the effects of various ventilation strategies and outdoor source on the indoor gas phase VOC concentration are investigated by simulating different building scenarios.

house is a dominant factor for animal welfare. There are threshold values or recommendations for the most important climate parameters. Temperature, humidity, CO2 and NH3 gas concentrations, germs, dust, odour and air flow velocity have to be observed. Unfortunately the necessary ventilation of livestock buildings leads to emissions, too. So an important aim is to develop ventilation systems that produce: 

Furniture can raise indoor air contaminants with toxic emissions of VOC and formaldehyde.. While furniture is classified as a subject of safety and has quality labeling, there is a lack of domestic regulations related to contaminant emissions with the exception of sinks. When looking at the analysis on environment-related patients related to the smell or odors from furniture every year, patients suffering from asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis are on the rise.

A physically based diffusion model is used to evaluate the sink effect of diffusion-controlled indoor materials and to predict the transient contaminant concentration in indoor air in response to several time-varying contaminant sources. For simplicity, it is assumed that the predominant indoor material is a homogeneous slab, initially free of contaminant, and that the air within the room is well mixed.

A life-cycle inventory model for the office buildings is developed in this paper. The environmental effectsof two different building structures, steel and concrete, are intercompared. The results show that thesteel-framed building is superior to the concrete-framed building on the following two indexes, thelife-cycle energy consumption and environmental emissions of building materials.

Hazardous compounds emitted during the plastic melting process were analyzed to indicate potentialair pollution issues associated with recycle plants for waste plastics. These hazardous compoundsmight be not only from polymer degradation but also from additives and print ink. To confirm what areemitted from them, melting experiments were conducted (150, 200 and 250C, in air or N2) and volatileorganic compounds (VOCs) emitted from samples were trapped by Tenax/Carboxen adsorption tubesand analyzed by TD-GC/MS.

This study aimed to investigate volatile organic compound (VOC) emission fluxes from a new air filtermedia and a used one. The emission tests from air filters were carried out by the small chambermethod and a new chamber method developed in this study. And the VOCs in an actual air conditioningunit were measured in order to confirm the emission from the air filter. The some VOCs emitted fromused air filter could be detected in the emission tests. The air filter medias emitted formaldehyde andother organic compounds, and airflow through filter media changed emission fluxes.

Recently, products of chemical reaction have been at issue as the topic of research on Indoor AirQuality. In this study, the emission mechanism of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2E1H) is studied. It has beenreported that 2E1H at high concentrations is measured in indoor air over the long term. The emissionmechanism for 2E1H is considered that water with high pH in concrete slabs and self-leveling sub-floormaterial reacts to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in PVC flooring and compounds containing the2-ethyl-1-hexyl group in the adhesive.