energy use

An equation is developed for predicting the combined effect of naturally and mechanically induced air flows in buildings and solved by a combination of analytical and iterative methods. The resulting two-dimensional formulation, implemented as a simple computer program, allows rapid, hourly simulation of infiltration in domestic-scale buildings with a range of ventilation strategies.

The present Government has a target for reduction of the UK's carbon dioxide emissions of 20% of 1990 levels by the year 2010, which is in fact greater than the legal commitment set at the Kyoto summit on climate change in December 1997. Energy use in buildings accounts for approximately half of tl1e UK's annual carbon dioxide emissions and thus a reduction in the energy used in buildings is vital for this target to be achieved. A detailed knowledge of how energy is currently used is essential for assessing the potential for reducing the UK's C02 emissions.

Active sub-slab depressurization (SSD) systems are an effective means of reducing indoor radon concentrations in residential buildings. However, energy is required to operate the system fan and to heat or cool the resulting increased building ventilation. We present  regional and national estimates of the energy requirements, operating expenses and C0₂ emissions associated with using SSD systems at saturation (i.e. in all US homes with radon concentrations above the EPA remediation guideline and either basement or slab-on-grade construction) .

This study was undertaken in response to a request by U.S. Representative Philip R.

This paper discusses the use of trickle ventilators in the design for natural ventilation in dwellings. The discussion is based around the results of a field monitoring experiment where 17 out of 32 houses were fitted with trickle ventilators as a remedial measure to improve the distribution of ventilation and to reduce the occurrence of condensation. Reductions in condensation, effects on energy use, window opening and occupants views are considered. The paper concludes that trickle ventilators are a successful component part in the design of natural ventilation systems in dwellings.

Research and test results presenting measurements of air infiltration rates in residences are reviewed. In particular, comparison of electric and combustion heating shows (on average) infiltration rates to be 0.1 to 0.25 higher for residences with combustion heating.