A six channel, computer controlled, tracer gas detection system for the measurement of infiltration rates and air movement in large single-cell industrial buildings has been designed, constructed and calibrated. This has been used for over 50 sets of tracer decay measurements in five single-cell buildings ranging in size from 4000 to 31000 m³, The buildings included a sports hall, a vehicle maintenance depot, two factory workshops and an aircraft hanger. Infiltration rates and interzonal flows were derived from the tracer decay curves using methods based on multizone theory.
Describes experiments to measure the ventilation rates of two small open-plan factories, one typical of current design and one designed to be more energy efficient, with increased levels of insulation and a tighter method of construction. Air leakage rates were measured using the Watson House Leakage Tester, and ventilation rates were monitored by the Watson House Autovent System. The problems involved are described, and how they were overcome in this case.
This paper describes a series of ventilation measurements carried out in two small factory units situated on an industrial estate in Newport, South Wales. One of the factories is typical of current design, and the other is designed to be of greater energy efficiency in terms of increased levels of insulation and reduced air infiltration rate.
Investigations have been carried out over the last three years in industrial buildings having a variety of manufacturing processes. Data were collected on contaminant source and behaviour, exhaust ventilation, supply air, workroom pressure differentials, air currents in the workroom and discharges from exhaust ventilation systems. From these measurements a workroom air balance was drawn up and the re-entrainment of contamination from discharge into the breathing zone of people in the workroom was studied.
Outlines the foundations for calculating and designing natural ventilation: conditions for the building unit: technological prerequisites: components: sound insulation: calculation methods: fields of application: combination of mechanical and natural ventilation: and models for optimization of new buildings and for reconstructing factories.
Natural ventilation has a specific significance in creating a tolerable environment in manufacturing plants with high technological heat loads. Equations for the calculation of natural ventilation for single storey industrial halls are derived from the mesh procedure, as well as other solutions for other buildings. Guidelines are given for the draught-free introduction of supply air. Reference is made to other design possibilities for the natural ventilation of buildings.
The British Gas 'Autovent' system utilises the constant concentration technique and was developed for measuring ventilation rates in dwellings. It has recently been used in two large open-plan buildings, a school nursery and a factory unit, and the opportunity was taken to carry out special tests to assess its validity in such buildings. The reason why these tests were needed, the nature of the tests and the results obtained form the main content of the paper. The evidence from the tests strongly indicates that the system is suitable.
Describes measurements made in a real factory building and comparisons with the scale model tests presented in the previous report. The ventilation system of the factory building is a mechanical one with the necessary rate of ventilation designed to be less than that calculated by the conventional method. The parameters studied included air velocities measured with hotwire anemometers at the inlet openings and the temperatures in the work hall itself measured from a crane.
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