health

The influence of indoor nitrogen dioxide exposure on respiratory symptoms of school children was investigated in a case-control study. The election method used was useful in obtaining symptomatic children, but insufficient indefining cases and controls without additional information. No relationship between indoor NO2 and respiratory symptoms was found. Bias may have been present, especially because of the high mobility of the study population. Attempts to estimate historical exposure were inaccurate.

A cross sectional survey investigating building sickness was carried out in two buildings with similar populations of office workers but differing ventilation systems, one being fully air conditioned with humidification and the other naturally ventilated.

Summarizes a study reviewing indoor air pollution in housing in Canada. Concludes that 1, many materials and conditions which contribute significantly to indoor air pollution are known to be present in Canadian houses, 2,individual susceptibility to air pollution varies, 3, smoking remains a major source of pollution, 4, some energy conservation measures aggravate indoor pollution problems, 5, the full health, social and economic costs have yet tobe determined, and 6, acceptable levels of effects on health have not been defined.

The effect of reduced air infiltration rate caused by energy-saving measures has been studied by comparing the indoor climate in 25 sealed apartments with the conditions in 25 unsealed apartments in Denmark in four seasonal periods. 

Compares the levels of possible cigarette smoke-related aerosols with the prevalence of health-related complaints in offices with different regulations about smoking, using data from two sources. The first was a review of 111 buildings with persistent building-related complaints and 32 buildings where there were no complaints. The second was a questionnaire completed by approximately 1100 employees from 9 buildings in New York City. The available data do not support a conclusion that increased reports of building-related complaints are associated with smoking.

Efforts to reduce the energy needs to heat or cool dwellings have the potential to create new health hazards. Increases in indoor levels of radon and its progeny from the reduction in air exchange rates add a substantial radioactive burden to the general population. Other indoor pollutants reaching critical concentrations in homes with low air exchange rates are CO and NO2 from unvented combustion in gas stoves and heaters, tobacco smoke, and asbestos fibres.

A two-part experimental study was conducted to identify antecedents of complaints from office workers in a sealed, air conditioned building. Building illness was documented as increased incidence of absenteeism and complaints among office workers in the study group compared to control subjects in a non-sealed building of a similar age. The second part monitored complaints and symptoms from subgroups when lighting was changed and when fresh air was introduced. Complaints and symptoms decreased with changes in air and lighting and increased again when previous conditions were established.

From a hygienic viewpoint, optimum indoor air quality can be characterized as the complete absence of pollutants. The most important sources of such pollutants are reviewed, including those entering a room from outside, those generated by human activity and those emanating from various materials. Thebasic requirement is for all emissions to be as low as possible. For CO2 and formaldehyde the existing standards are reasonable. For most of the other substances it is not recommended to define tolerable limit values since such definition may decrease the efforts to attain a zero level.

This environmental information handbook was prepared to assist both the non-technical reader and technical persons, such as researchers, policy analysts, and builders/designers, understand the current state of knowledge regarding combustion so

Reviews literature on indoor air quality in housing, nature of contaminants and their sources, health effects, standards and guidelines, impact of air sealing on indoor air quality, sources of uncontrolled air leakage, airtightness and natural ventilation, airtightness of new and existing housing stock, air change in new and existing housing, impact of air sealing on airtightness and ventilation, indoor air quality in tight houses, impact of occupant behaviour on ventilation, measures to improve indoor air quality, identifying problem houses, indoor pollution control strategies, and ventila