Epidemiological evidence of lung cancer risk from radon is based mainly on studies of menemployed underground in mines where exposures are relatively high in comparison to indoorexposure. Nevertheless direct evidence of risk from residential radon is desirable. In 1990, a studywas started comprising 12 000 inhabitants of an area with elevated radon concentrations. The meanlevel in the houses was higher than general mean of the country by factor of five. In the period1961-95, a total of 173 lung cancers were observed.