modelling

States that the PMV model is in good agreement with high-quality field studies in buildings with HVAC systems, located in cold temperate and warm climates, which were studied in both summer and winter. Occupants may sense the warmth in non-air conditioned buildings in warm climates as being less severe than the PMV prediction, probably because of low expectations or because too high an estimate of metabolic rate. Introduces an extension to the model which includes an expectancy factor to be used in non-air conditioned buildings in warm climates.

Aims to supply a simple and useful tool for the analysis of energy performance of different ventilated facades typology. A steady state energy balance was applied to a control volume solving basic equations with finite element code with an iterative procedure, in order to simulate the studied sample. The different surfac3e and air mass temperatures are calculate for each step of the channel height, and the mass flow rate evaluated as overall natural draught.

States that quite simple formulae can be used for humid air, but that this is not the case for humid temperature. Gives an overview of the iterative method to be used in this case.

Economic and polyvalent, numerical simulation, or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) lends itself to the topic of air diffusion. An overview of this useful modelling strategy.

The article presents a zonal model called Sim_Zonal which can be used to predict air movement, temperature distribution and comfort characteristics in a room. The model is based on an approximate partitioning of the room, which is divided into a small number of 'cells', usually in the order of 10 to 100, as compared to 10000 or more for typical CFD calculations. Exchanges are calculated between the cells when mass balance and heat balance equations are applied. Empirical laws describe airflow where plumes or jets occur.

Among significant occupational health problems are building-related health complaints and symptoms. A potential cause has been identified as the elevated concentrations of various types of indoor contaminants, which are frequently associated with inadequate ventilation. This research aimed to model and evaluate the performance of several ventilation methods on volatile organic compound (VOC) removal in indoor environments. The time history of the contaminant concentrations in a model office have been simulated using a newly developed computer model.

Included in applications of multizone airflow and contaminant dispersion models to specific buildings are air quality diagnosis, weatherization, smoke control, and pressure balancing for laboratory hood safety. States that uncertainties in model inputs mean that the benefits of these applications are not being fully realized. Emphasises the need for an economical test method that is as accurate but less intrusive and faster than incremental or component-by-component blower door testing.

Describes an improved form of the standard k-epsilon model for buoyant room flows and gives an assessment of the results. The improved model is based on the generalized gradient diffusion hypothesis of Daly and Harlow. Compares the results from the computations for three-dimensional flow with temperature measurement performed by the authors in a laboratory room with displacement ventilation. A good agreement is shown by the numerical results, better than the results from the standard model.

Residential apartments in Hong Kong are usually equipped with up to three window-type air conditioners, placed in living rooms and bedrooms, operated over seven months of hot and humid weather. Analyses the arrangement of room furniture to minimise cold air draughts. The performances were modelled using FLOVENT.

Heat transfer in loose-fill attic insulation was investigated in a large-scale model of a ventilated attic built in a climatic chamber. The particular aspect of this study was heat transfer by convection and its effect on heat losses through the attic floor. It was shown by thermal resistance measurements that the measured and calculated thermal resistance of the attic floor is within the margin of error. Air movements were detected in the insulation, sufficient to cause a decrease in the thermal resistance of the attic floor.