This paper introduces a simple method for a natural ventilation strategic design and the evaluation of ventilation effectiveness. A simplified integrated dynamic thermal and air flow model has been developed for natural ventilation building design at the early stage. This analytic method can perform parametric studies and an optimum opening design. The indices of overheating day and ventilation sufficiency have been proposed to evaluate the ventilation effectiveness. Computer program can perform dynamic simulation for the proposed design.
Double-skin façades (DSF) are widely used as an architectural solution to both control the thermal behaviour and allow for the possibility of using natural ventilation techniques on buildings. DSF are characterized by having at least two membranes between
The integration of ventilation strategies into building design is the responsability of the architect that will consult design offices for a right quantification of those strategies. A clear distinction must be made between ventilation for hygienic purpose and ventilation for cooling. The natural ventilation strategy will be different according to the different types of buildings (houses, flats, schools or offices)
To give some rules to the construction industry, a new standard on the ventilation was issued in Portugal (NP 1037-1:2002). This standard deals with natural ventilation. Some researchs are being carried out to assess impact of the natural ventilation on indoor environment.
In this paper, the current situation of Portuguese residential buildings in terms of ventilation systems ispresented. The indoor air renewal is, normally, obtained by providing fresh air exclusively by air leakage of doors and windows and their occasional opening and exhausting the air through ducts placed in kitchens and bathrooms. A recent revision of the Portuguese standard NP 1037-1, concerning natural ventilation of dwellings, is studied and its influence upon heating energy consumption and indoor temperatures is reported.
How can hybrid ventilation and natural ventilation significantly improve the indoor climate in retrofitted office and education buildings? During the last 5 years hybrid ventilation and natural ventilation have increasingly been utilised in refurbished and retrofitted buildings with great results. Utilising a newly developed system solution concept, it is illustrated how intelligent control of buildings can establish a good indoor climate with satisfied users. This article contains results from 4 building cases including two schools and two office buildings in Denmark and Switzerland.
An increasing impact of ventilation and air-conditioning to the total energy consumption of buildings has drawn attention to natural ventilation and passive cooling. The very common way of natural ventilation in residential buildings is passive stack ventilation. The passive stack ventilation relies on the stack effect created by the temperature difference between air temperature inside and outside a building.
This study aims at the development of an optimal design tool using a genetic algorithm (GA) andcomputational fluid dynamics (CFD). To represent a realistic building environment, random variables(fluctuating outdoor conditions), passive control variables (model variables) and active control variables (HVAC system) were set up. A combination of designs are determined based on the relationship between the fluctuating outdoor conditions and the HVAC system in the optimization inquiry.
A new thermal comfort guideline for moderate environments has been developed: the ATG guideline. The underlying method distinguishes between ‘type Alpha’ versus ‘type Beta’ buildings to provide for different adaptation effects. Type Alpha indicates buildi
In this paper the effectiveness of retrofitting strategies in a sunspace attached to a one-storey building has been investigated. Natural and hybrid ventilation, air-tight glass partitions, awnings and increased thermal mass retrofitting scenarios were implemented, mainly for the Greek climate. Window openings and sensor-controlled fans were used to create a controllable and secure environment. Combined ventilation and thermal simulation were applied, taking into account all the related physical phenomena, such as ventilation, infiltration and solar radiation.
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