This booklet summarizes the work of IEA ECBCS Annex 35 'Hybrid ventilation in new and retrofitted office buildings' and is based on the research findings from the participating countries. It describes the principles of hybrid ventilation technologies, control strategies and algorithms, as well as analysis method. The 13 case studies include both new-built and retrofitted designs. The booklet is accompanied by 21 technical reports and 13 case study reports from various authors.
The natural ventilation potential (NVP) is the possibility, or probability, to ensure anacceptable indoor air quality by natural ventilation only. A passive cooling potential (PCP)can also be defined, as the possibility to ensure an acceptable indoor thermal comfort usingnatural ventilation.
Noise measurements were made at 10 locations in ‘canyon’ streets in Athens with aspect ratio (height/width) varying from 3:1 to 1:1. The main purpose of the measurements was to examine the vertical variation in noise in the canyons to indicate the natural
This paper is divided into tree main sections, ‘Introduction to natural ventilation’, ‘Examples, strategies and results’ and ‘Energy consumption’. In the first section a general introduction to natural ventilation is given, including the three main princi
To evaluate the impact of the natural ventilation of the air cavity in the prototype of the glazing system being studied in the frame of the project SOLVENT, funded in part by the Commission of the European Union, a prototype of a reversible naturally ventilated glazing system. The system consists of a double (clear and tinted) glazing. In the summer position the tinted glazing is in the outer position and the cavity is open to the outside air at both top and bottom extremes.
This paper considers an ideal naturally ventilated building model that allows a theoretical study of the effect of thermal mass associating with the non-linear coupling between the airflow rate and the indoor air temperature.The thermal mass number and the convective heat transfer air change parameter are suggested to account for the effect of thermal mass heat storage and convective heat transfer at the thermal mass surfaces. The new thermal mass number measures the capacity of heat storage, rather than the amount of thermal mass.
The applicability of natural ventilation depends strongly on climate. The potential of natural ventilation represents a measure of the feasibility of natural ventilation in a specific climate. A quantitative measure of this potential, expressed in degree-hours, may be estimated based on adaptive thermal comfort and monthly mean temperature. Degree-hours for natural ventilation represent the sum of the degree-hours for cooling saved by using natural ventilation when adaptive thermal comfort is considered.
This report summarizes the work of the initial working phase of IEA Annex 35 "Hybrid Ventilation in New and Retrofitted Office and Educational Buildings". It describes the state-of-the-art of hybrid ventilation technologies, of control strategioes and algorithms and of analysis methods. It provides examples of existing systems and show solutions to specific problems in 22 office and educational buildings locate in different outdoor climates.
In 1998, an international research project entitled "Hybrid Ventilation in New and Retrofitted Office and Educational Buildings" was commenced under the auspices of the International Energy Agency. The fourth forum organized within the framework of this project was held in May 2002 in Montreal, Canada. About 25 papers related to the major outcomes and technologies were presented.
This information dossier describes the general principles of natural ventilation, the calculation of air flows and the strategies for building cooling. It presents case studies of six office buildings, with the lessons learned.
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