Critical parameters such as the particle source location, air supply inlet design, operating table location, and lamp design are responsible for the particle distribution within the operating room, they have been investigated by means of CFD.
Numerical modelling of convective air movements inside a heated room was built, using a coupling of a zonal model and integral analysis. The model describes the heat transfer between air and walls, between different air layers inside the room, between air in the room and cold air jet from ventilation air supply, and between air and heat emitter. Experiments were conducted in a testing chamber with floor heating or heating by a hot water radiator, with steps in hot water and ventilation flow rates. Validation results are satisfying.
Numerical simulation (CFD code) was used to optimise the design of the ventilation system of a large underground bus terminal complex near Seoul (Korea). The analysis of air flow patterns and parameters such as NOx and CO concentrations (from diesel engines of 19 buses) allowed to suggest and study modifications of design (change in airflow rates and grilles locations). Changes improve indoor air quality as the mean residual life time of contaminated air decreases.
This paper analyses through CFD simulation results the removal effectiveness in an office cooled by a chilled ceiling combined with either mixing or displacement ventilation. For passive pollutant sources, both systems provide similar air quality. For active pollutants and when a large volume of all fresh air is supplied, displacement ventilation has better performance.
Difficulties of CFD calculations to predict comfort especially in case of high level of turbulences are enquired in this study. Statistical corrections when the direction of the velocity vector changes are proposed to improve CFD models.
Design of thermal and air environment for large spaces is often realised with CFD simulations but due to measurement difficulty there are few cases in which results are compared after construction. This study uses a simple method for visualizing air currents and for estimating distribution of air movements with balloons.
This paper presents 3 full-scale test rooms in a series of 14 built in Italy, with different types of façades. The measurements of energy consumption and indoor environment allow a direct comparison between different solutions exposed to identiacal climat
Numerical modeling and on site measurements were applied to the ventilated double-skin glazed façade of the Moravian Library building in Brno (Czech Republic) to determine the air temperatures and velocities into the façade. Calculations show that supply
CFD simulations and measurements were used in isothermal air-conditioned space of a gymnasium. Different airflow patterns due to different supply air were simulated. Results obtained are correct considering the complexity of boundary conditions.
CFD calculations were performed in a ventilated room of 5.7 m2, with an air supply near the floor and an air exhaust near the ceiling on the opposite wall. Air flow rate and inlet temperature are 14.3 l/s and 22C. Calculation results show for example that a standing or seated occupant inhales air coming from the aera close to the floor, which flows upwards due to metabolic heating. A new index (IECI) was used to characterize the effectiveness of contaminant inhalation. The higher values of IECI in the room indicate the zones which the inhaled air comes from.
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