The concentrations of indoor pollutants should be maintained below recommended values at all occupied locations at any time. A design method based on minimal air change rates may not be satisfactory, since the ventilation effectiveness is determined not only by the nominal air exchange rate but also many other factors, such as the airflow pattern the space, location of contaminant sources, and properties of the contaminants. It is the objective of the present study to investigate numerically the effect of airflow patterns due to the various factors of ventilation effectiveness.
Numerical modelling is performed to predict air movement, thermal comfort level and contamination distribution within an open office space. The office located in the building interior has a concentrated thermal load at its center and is conditioned by cool air delivered from a ceiling-mounted linear diffuser. the air velocity and temperature distributions and contaminant dispersion in the office are calculated for three different cooling loads and air exchange rates with a three-dimensional turbulent finite difference model.
This report describes tracer gas measurements of the local mean age of air at different locations within an office room. These results are used to assess the distribution of fresh air atdifferent depths, and to give guidance on the depth over which single-sided ventilation is effective.
This paper describes the guidelines prepared by NIST for GSA. These guidelines are organised by envelope construction system and contain practical information on the avoidance of thermal performance problems such as thermal bridging, insulating system defects, moisture migration problems, and excessive envelope air leakage. For each envelope system, both good and bad practice are discussed with an emphasis on the graphical presentation of envelope design details.
This paper illustrates the principles of demand controlled ventilation systems (DCV) as applied to office buildings. Appropriate ventilation approaches and control strategies are demonstrated in this paper for small area control (ieboardrooms) and for office buildings as a whole. Findings are illustrated by the results of field experiments. Impacts on energy consumption, indoor air quality and occupant response are examined. General conclusions and recommendations applicable to similar building types are also presented.
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