optimization

This paper proposes the methodology to quantify the individual difference in temperature regulation of human body for transient simulation of body temperature. Experiments of transient thermal exposure were conducted for four subjects and the characteristics of individual difference in themoregulatory response were observed quantitatively.

A methodology for optimizing the operation of heating/cooling plants with multi-heat source equipments is proposed. The methodology decides the optimal combination of the running of multiple heat source equipments to minimize the energy consumption of a heating/cooling plant. The optimal running combination is decided automatically using MATLAB® Stateflow® tool corresponding to cooling and heating loads. The energy consumption at different running combination is simulated using MATLAB® Simulink® tool. A case study is introduced to demonstrate the methodology.

The nighttime ventilation strategy uses the outdoor cold air during the night to cool the building mass. The cooled building mass then is used as a heat sink during the next hot day. Mechanical nighttime ventilation requires a fan for the outside air ventilation. The energy use by the fan reduces the potential cooling energy savings. Higher nighttime ventilation flow rate and its duration decrease required cooling energy during next hot day in the building, also they increase fan energy consumption.

There is a need for a greater understanding of the acoustical and airflow performance of interior openings, and of silencers implemented to improve their acoustical performance, in naturally ventilated buildings. This paper discusses preliminary, fundamental aspects of a study done to provide engineers and architects with optimal design techniques. It discusses the characterization of ventilator performance, including the definition of the open area ratio - a combined acoustical and airflow performance-optimisation metric.

Developing a method to optimize the investment cost of a building and the energy performance, represented by the energy consumption, one gets easily confronted with conflicting objects.  As the investment cost usually rises, while the energy consumption shrinks it is somehow difficult to find an optimal solution.  The utopic point would be the point where saving energy doesn’t cost athing, or even better: earns the occupant extra money.  Reality however shows different: restricting the energy losses almost always implies an investment.  The simplest example is increasing the thermal resista

The global requirement to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions places an increased emphasis on reducing energy demand associated with dwellings. Where improved energy efficiency is in part achieved by tighter control of ventilation, there is potential for both positive and negative impacts on health from reduced air exchange in the indoor environment. Although increased air tightness may help improve indoor temperatures and reduce the ingress of pollutants from the external environment, it may increase concentrations of those from indoor sources.

Sizing rules in residential ventilation standards lack uniformity in both methodology and resulting design flow rates. In order to investigate the best achievable performance of natural ventilation, exhaust and fully mechanical ventilation systems, this paper presents a multi-zone simulation based optimization study for both a detached dwelling.

The methodology to describe the individual difference in temperature regulation of human body intransient state is proposed in this paper. In order to clarify the individual difference experimentally, thechange in skin and core temperatures was measured for four subjects exposed to a thermal transientcondition including stepwise air temperature change of coming and going to lower and highertemperature condition from thermally neutral condition. The differences in core temperature andregulatory responses were found to be significant.

The growing worldwide demand for less polluting forms of energy has led to a renewed interest in theuse of micro combined heat and power (CHP) technologies in the residential sector. Micro CHP is thesimultaneous production of heat and power in a single building based on small energy conversion units.The heat produced is used for space and water heating and possibly for cooling, the electricity is usedwithin the building.In this paper, two typical CHP types for a residential building are analyzed, namely ECOWILL gasengine plant and LIFUEL fuel cell plant.

There are about 16 millions building in Turkey. The total energy consumption of these buildings is approximately 3.48x105 GJ. The energy consumption of the office buildings having HVAC systems can be stated as 150 kWh/m2.year.Turkey is in the warm climate band and the day time outside air temperature in summer (May ~ September) is about 30C. Parallel to the increasing comfort demands, energy consumption also increases. These factors make the necessity for increasing energy efficiency of buildings apparent.