This paper intends to resolve the spatial and temporal variation of VOC concentrations in apartments. Numerous indoor and outdoor measurements taken in the period between 1994 and 2001 have been analyzed.A method is presented, it can be used to normalize the results from VOC measurements taken at any time of the year. A table with adjustments factors is given.
This paper describes four simulation models, which reproduce energy and temperature measurements of occupied buildings very well. These buildings represent small to medium size residential low-energy buildings of different construction type, which are typical for mid-Europe. For the simulation, the software TRNSYS is used. The reproduction of measured energy and temperatures in time steps of 15 minutes is well suited for precise predictions on heating energy demand and comfort of the buildings and modifications of them.
In this study, associations between concentration levels of airborne particles and fungi were examined in 14 houses in Brisbane. No association was found between the fungal spore and submicrometer particles or PM2.5 concentration, but a weak link was found between fungal and supermicrometre particle concentrations : similarity in behaviour lies in the relation of the contaminant with the distance from the source.
The use of house dust is studied to identify sources and quantify levels of toxicants for the estimation of exposure. Sampling strategies were examined, just as uncertainty and lack of knowledge. The presentation of the results of sampling is also discussed. This article describes case studies.
This study was carried out in nearly two hundred multi-family buildings, built before 1961, in Stockholm. Three thousand inhabitants answered first a questionnaire on symptoms and personal factors. In parallel energy saving measures and building characteristics were gathered. It appeared that major reconstruction of the interior were associated with an increase of some symptoms.
This paper presents the main findings of Project HIT.2000.25 supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Harbin Institute of Technology, a field study of indoor climates and occupant comfort in 66 residential buildings in Harbin, located in northeastern China.
The infiltration term in the building energy balance equation is one of the least understood and most difficult to model. For many residential buildings, which have an energy performance dominated by the envelope, it can be one of the most important terms. There are numerous airflow models;
however, these are not combined with whole building energy simulation programs that are in common use in North America. This paper describes a simple multizone nodal airflow model
This guide of 60 pages is written in French. It provides practical guidance to joiners for the installation of natural ventilation systems in dwellings. Firstly it explains in a few words the reasons for ventilating. Then it gives information about the requirements of the Belgian standard NBN D 50-001 "Ventilation systems for housings". The third part of the document deals with the material and its installation. This guide is intended to support the vocational training of young people. It is therefore written in a simple style and well illustrated.
This article provides information on the characteristic heat-related data of the enclosing constructions of the existing multi-apartment houses in Latvia as well as those of the sanitation systems in these houses.Monitoring of the heat energy consumption has been conducted in order to determine energy consumption over one-year period in a renovated nine-storey multi-apartment house of the 602 series design. The results obtained through monitoring have been compared with those of the heat energy consumption in an analogous reference house.
This paper describes a study of reduced performance of mechanical exhaust systems in 42 Dutch houses after several years of operation. It also describes the effect of reduced ventilation on air quality and the perception and use of the ventilation system by residents. The guanine contents of dust samples taken from the sleeping room were determined to assess the risk of allergy.
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