temperature

A modified 65MN(Multi-Nodes) thermoregulation model is tested for the evaluation of the skin surfacetemperature distributions in each body part under solar radiation. The present model can be also applicable for the coupled analysis of CFD and radiation. Skin surface temperatures predicted by this model are compared with those by subjective experiments in the real scale experimental atrium under solar radiation. Predicted each skin surface temperature almost corresponds to that of subjective experiment with the accuracy around 1 degree Celsius difference.

To satisfy the optimal environment in agricultural buildings, much effort is made to controlventilation rate and indoor temperature. However, distribution of fresh air is equally important for animal performance and welfare. So far, no sensor is available to measure and to control airflow pattern continuously in a ventilated building. Therefore, an airflow pattern sensor was developed to measure the trajectory of a nonisothermal air jet in a building with a single or multiple air inlet(s).

This paper provides information of energy efficiency potential of Personalised Ventilation (PV) systems used in conjunction with a secondary Mixing Volume (MV) air-conditioning system in the tropics. The energy consumption and the acceptability of PV at selected combinations of indoor ambient temperatures of 26 C and PV air supply temperatures of 20 or 23 C, is compared with that of sole mixing ventilation in which the indoor air temperature was controlled at 23 C.

Thermal sensation of tropically acclimatized subjects performing sedentary tasks under personalized ventilation (PV) was explored in this study. The study was conducted in an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) chamber, which is capable of simulating typical office conditions in Singapore. An experimental design involving interventions in indoor ambient temperature, PV supply temperature and PV supply airflow rate, introduced blind to subjects, was conducted.

The segmental equivalent temperature determined by means of a thermal manikin is often correlated with the local thermal sensation of people and is used for indoor environment assessment. It is also used to assess performance of heated/cooled/ventilated car seats, etc. However, the body of the thermal manikins used at present is not as flexible as the human body and is divided into body segments with a surface area that differs from that of the human body in contact with a surface. The area of the segment in contact with a surface will depend on the shape and flexibility of the surface.

The contribution deals with the research on temperature fields in rooms heated in differentways at heating-up as well as in steady state conditions. The investigations are being carried out byphysical modelling with the use of interferometry, numerical modelling as well as measuring real rooms by thermocouples. The results show that interferometric research of two-dimensional temperature fields can be used for modelling in smaller heated rooms, in cars and various air-conditioned boxes. Numerical modelling seems to be more effective and can be used in wider range of application.

This paper presents an analytical model for predicting the air flow and velocity in an open vertical air channel due to natural convection. It can be used in the study of ventilated windows and double-faade systems, which are arousing interest as an energy-efficient means of providing fresh air, daylight and solar radiation to rooms. Unlike most previous work in this field, it proceeds from known surface temperatures instead of known surface heat flux.

We present in this paper an advanced formulation of zonal models for calculating room airtemperature and airflow distributions. It is based on a new way of sub-dividing the room usings the Octree method. It allows us to obtain a partitioning based on airflow patterns. The behaviour of the room is represented by the connection of SPARK calculation objects according to its partitioning. The SPARKs objects represent sub-zones of the room or interfaces between sub-zones. We developed an automatic generator of zonal models.

The purpose of the present work is to describe the ability of the advanced computer packages(CFD codes) to perform numerical simulations of general refrigeration engineering problems. The case study concerns the modelling of three-dimensional turbulent airflow with thermal buoyant effects and air temperature distribution in the refrigerated compartment of a perishable foodstuff transportation vehicle.The numerical predictions obtained with three commercial codes (PHOENICS, FLUENT and CFX) and an academic one are evaluated and compared with experimental data.

Zoning room air conditioning strategy is based on the idea of controlling the conditions of one zone by supply air and, at the same time, utilizing the stratification of temperature and contaminants in another zone. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of CFD-simulation to predict the supply air flow pattern and the overall performance of the system. The study was based on a series of laboratory experiments and corresponding CFD-simulations.