This study concerns single-sided natural ventilation by using a CFD model, along with analytical and empirical models. The effects of opposing buoyancy and wind forces on ventilation rates and indoor conditions were alos studied in that investigation.
The impact of the concentration of pollutants in the air on emissions from building materials is the subject of that study.Different building materials were studied in ventilated small-scale test chambers. The experiment allowed the changing of the dilution factor or the changing of the area factor.The results showed that more ventilation in a given space may increase the emissions from the inner surfaces.
A large opening has to be designed at the bottom of a Void (light-well in high-rise apartment building) in order to keep the indoor air quality (IAQ) acceptable, because of the exhaust gas discharge of the gas water-heater. This paper presents a simple calculation method of the ventilation rate induced by wind force and thermal buoyancy through openings at the bottom, along with heat sources such as water-heaters.
This article presents how ventilation and air quality in smoking spaces are being treated by ANSI/ASHRAE standard 62, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. Historical information is given about environmental tobacco smoke and ventilation requirements in the standard since its first issue in 1973. The status of the 31 addenda to the 1999 version of the standard, some of them being included in the 2001 version, others still being in discussion or in the process to be adopted, is explained. Among them are four smoking-related addenda : 62e, 62g, 62o and 62ag.
The aim of a study is to determine if on site, in a call-centre of 4600 m2, a correlation can be found between ventilation rate and performance of worker. No clear effect of ventilation rate on worker performance has been found in this case on the air flowrate variation range (12 to 48 l/s). Yet some improvements of performance are shown at very high ventilation rate.
A survey was conducted in a new office building in Beijing (China) with mechanical air supply and natural exhaust, in which sick building symptoms were reported. Measurements and data from a questionnaire suggested that ventilation was insufficient.
Measurements of metabolic carbon dioxide concentration made in four classrooms in two schools are reported for both occupied and unoccupied periods. Measurements were taken for approximately one week in each classroom during the unheated season and the time-varying ventilation rates estimated. The results of the experiments show CO2 concentrations that are far beyond the guideline value of 1000 ppm (the maximum concentration during the occupied period was 3756 ppm). Calculated air supply rates vary from unacceptably low levels, to rates that are in line with guidance.
In the following, measurements of CO2 levels in seven classrooms in four schools are reported. Measurements were taken for approximately one week in each classroom during the heating season and the time-varying ventilation rates estimated. The results of the experiments show CO2 concentrations which are far beyond the guideline value of 1000 ppm (the average concentration during the occupied period was 1957 ppm). In some classrooms the level exceeded the range of the detector (4000ppm).
Five different techniques of tracer gas measurement are reviewed in order to determine the total ventilation airflow rate as well as air distribution in the room, on site or in laboratory. Examples of applications are given insisting on the two most recent techniques.
The aim of the BASE study was to collect air quality data for office buildings in the USA, using air flow rates measurements or tracer gas (CO2) methods. Results for 100 buildings are summarized : 11 % of buildings have outside air ventilation rates below ASHRAE recommendations. The accuracy and the limitations of the measuring methods are also analyzed. CO2 tracer gas method best represents the ventilation rate.
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