After the oil crisis in the seventies the main aims of ventilation research changed. Many energy saving measures had been taken by the authorities, among them the reduction of infiltration heat losses. The Ministry of Building and Urban Development ordered the production and installation of better quality airtight windows, and the draughtproofing of existing window assemblies.
The paper begins by developing the concept of CONTAINMENT and describes how the ventilation system of a nuclear plant plays amajor role in the provision of this CONTAINMENT and in ensuring that the plant can be operated safely. It continues to describe the various demands that a nuclear plant places on the ventilation system and describes the types of areas that require ventilation. The paper finally describes how BNFL Engineering Division have designed a new generation of reprocessing plants for Sellafield that have low air throughputs.
On basis of several case studies into the ventilation behaviour in dwellings in the Netherlands, it is possible to answer the question whether the type of ventilation device influences the behaviour of the occupants during mild winter periods (5 Deg C).The dwellings are discerned in three types: * those with natural ventilation through passive stacks only; * those with mechanical exhaust ventilation provisions; * those with balanced mechanical ventilation provisions.
This paper presents measuring results from experiments with integrated air heating and ventilation system in airtight well-insulated buildings in Stockholm (The Stockholm Project) .
Building regulations prevailing in France made it compulsory to use specific ventilation systems in new residential buildings since 1969. Different kind of ventilation systems (mechanically powered, temperature driven, hybrid systems,...) have been developed. This paper reviews these systems and outlines their advantages and drawbacks in single-family or multi-family buildings, with respect to architectural flexibility and comfort or safety requirements.
With a dynamical model, the thermal behavior of a single office room is simulated. The model includes among other things the behavior of occupants, the heat production of machines and lights, the heat flux into masses, real weather data (hourly observations) and different HVAC and control systems. The computer program calculates monthly and yearly energy consumption and a statistical distribution of the room air temperature. It can also be used to investigate the time evolution of physical processes for short periods.
As part of the IEA Research Program Annex 18 "Demand Controlled Ventilation Systems" various ventilation systems were examined in a test room. During research, in addition to thermal comfort issues, removal of particles was of importance. In order to assess ventilation systems, besides using pressure - volume current graphs, the air exchange rate was frequently applied as a criterion. The air exchange rate is, however, defined only for gaseous components.
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