window

Identifies the main categories of seal used in weatherstripping doors and windows. These include compression seals which are compressed during closure to form a seal, wiper seals which form a seal as they slide over a closing surface, and gap fillers and sealants which restore a fit between closing surfaces. Outlines broadly the merits and disadvantages of each, and provides general guidance on seal selection and application.

An effective way of reducing the transmission flows through windows during the heating season is to use the air extracted from the room to ventilate the air space between the glazings. The heat transmission coefficient of a ventilated window is between two thirds and one third of that of an unventilated window, and the infiltration heat loss is less. Proposes analytical dependencies and graphs for the determination of the heat transfer coefficient and the temperatures of the panes as a function of the window construction and the heat transfer intensity.

Reports pressure tests of the air leakage of an apartment building. The building is three storeys with a cellar above ground. There is a mechanical exhaust system and in addition every apartment has a kitchen fan.Pressure tests were made in each apartment. Leakage points were located with smoke tests. The leakage of windows and doors was determined with the "plenum" method. Each window was surrounded by a "plenum" and leakage at the boundary between plenum and wall was eliminated by an auxiliary fan which maintains the same pressure in the room as in the "plenum".

At the HPAC laboratory of the State Research Centre, supply air tests were conducted partly with a supply air window, partly with a porous, 0. 1m thick insulation above the window. The best results were obtained with low supply air velocities allowing the air to flow down close to the outside wall. Thetests with a supply air window of about 1m*1m showed that an upward air-flow between the panes gave better results then down- flow. The air distribution was improved with a guiding vane in front of the air-flow holes in the window frame.

Comments on the aesthetic aspects of window renovation and replacement and describes common forms of deterioration giving detailed suggestions for repair and for the improvement of air tightness and sound insulation.

Discusses standards and testing procedures for window air and water tightness. Describes apparatus used at the Technical Centre for Wood. Gives brief results of airtightness tests on 70 windows of different types subjected to a pressure of 10mm of water and of water tightness tests on 40 windows. Describes a test wall, designed to enable "hurricane" tests to be made. Appendices giveinformation on precipitation in France and discuss water-proofing products.

Notes that in addition to multiple glazing and storm windows there is a wide range of insulating options available. These products include blinds, shutters, plastic films and shades. Briefly discusses the different products. Gives tables of systems showing manufacturers and performance data.

The heat transfer characteristics of a window system are generally specified by three static measurements; winter U-value, shading coefficient and air infiltration. Outlines methods for measuring these three values. Describes the mobile window test facility, designed to test windows under real weather conditions. The facility consists of a portable test building which can rotate about a central point.The building contains four test rooms with a guard room on each end. Describes the instrumentation and test methods. Construction of the MoWiTT facility is planned for late 1980.

Describes a small calibrated hotbox, developed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory for studying methods of improving window performance. Describes the construction and calibration of the box. Discusses measurements of thermal conductance made with the box. Finds the hotbox is reliable with known skin losses and free of systematic errors to at least the 7% level.

Presents a review of the literature and a survey of the various types of window insulation systems and methods which are available, together with notes on experience of their use. The potentials of selective coatings on glass are discussed and comparisons between triple-glazed windows and window insulation are presented.< The survey serves as a feasability study for a larger project of which the object is to investigate the size of the savings which are possible with insulation of windows under varying conditions.