English

In future highly energy-efficient buildings, heat pumps will play a key role. Hence, annual efficiency calculation and optimization by means of simulating heat pump heating and cooling systems are very val-uable, especially if building and building technology are coupled. 

The aim of the work is to present a new methodology that allows to identify the most important parameters affecting the energy performance of buildings under certain conditions. The methodology consists of analysing the different contributions to the convective energy balance on internal air: each contribution is split according the dynamic driving forces of outdoor and indoor environment.   The paper describes the developed procedure which consists of a set of numerical simulations using EnergyPlus.

Many simulation software to predict thermal environment of buildings, such as temperature, humidity, heating and cooling load of building spaces, have been developed. However, most of them do not take into account moisture transfer in wall assemblies. Humidity calculation in most software is simply affected by ventilation and focuses on just the building spaces. Then, sensory index such as standard new effective temperature is even excluded from calculation.

In this paper we present a method to simulate res-idential building occupants’ activities, which can be directly used to predict occupants’ presence and as an input to models of occupants’ behavior, resulting in more coherent and accurate predictions of build-ings’ energy demands for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning as well as for lighting and electrical ap-pliances. First we describe a stochastic model of the activity chains of residential building occupants and the calibration of this model using French time-use survey data (for the period 1998/1999).

When coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with a detailed thermal comfort model describing the human thermoregulation, the characteristics of the micro-climate of the human body have to be known. In the paper, CFD has been applied to investigate human body’’s micro climate. A climate chamber equipped with a thermal manikin has been used to validate the CFD simulations against measurements for various boundary conditions. Based on the validated simulations, the characteristics of the human micro-climate are analyzed.

A multiobjective optimisation methodology is proposed to optimise building design against both physical performance (such as energy efficiency) and psychophysical performance (such as occupant comfort). The originality of the method is 1) the integration of subjective data obtained from psychophysical tests in multiobjective optimisation method and 2) the management of uncertainties inherent to subjective data through a Monte Carlo process. The methodology was developed through a case study of office lighting optimisation.

To achieve the low-carbon society, Japanese government has conducted; 1) to revise “Laws Concerning the Rational Use of Energy”, 2) to manifest reducing 25 % of CO2 emission, and 3) to participate COP15 as international activity. Various techniques have been applied for energy conservation of building individually.

District heating and cooling (DHC) systems show a great potential for energy saving. However, a number of problems related to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems within a building resulted in an increase in energy consumption. The main reason is that the DHC plant and the building air conditioning systems are operated separately. This study proposes a new energy service in which the operator of the DHC plant controls air conditioning systems in the buildings simultaneously.

Carbon dioxide concentration is often taken as an indicator of indoor air quality, especially in spaces where human beings are the main contaminant source. Therefore this CFD analysis focuses on the CO2 dis-tribution in a sports hall, representing large and high enclosures. A buoyancy driven natural ventilation sys-tem prevails in the absence of wind, so that a pol-lutant stratification can be expected corresponding to displacement ventilation.