English

The well-mixing assumptions, uniform distributions of air temperatures and contaminant concentrations and neglect of air momentum effects in a zone, used in multizone airflow network models could cause errors in some cases. Through dimensional analysis of the published data from the literature, this study has found correlation between the errors and mixing levels. Our study concluded that the assumption of uniform air temperatures is not appropriate if the  vertical non-dimensional temperature gradient is higher than 0.03.

Most traditional elementary school classrooms here do not have air-conditioners and it often feel stuffy in classrooms located in the top floors. In addition, traditional classrooms widely have noise problem  so do the open educational classrooms. If the windows and doors are closed to reduce noise, it will result in the phenomenon of stuffiness, which largely prevents the external air entering the room.

It is difficult to investigate the performance of airconditioning systems with thermal energy storage tanks because flow rate in the system is unmeasured in almost all systems. The aim of this research is to estimate the flow rate of such air-conditioning systems using temperature data in tanks which is easy to measure. In this paper, the effects of heat gain through the tank wall, the time interval of data and the number of temperature measuring points in tank on the accuracy of flow rate estimation are studied using generated temperature data by simulation.

The integration of renewable energies in the dwellings is a solution to diminish their energy consumption. It also could represent important money savings for the owner, if the design and the control of the devices are correctly set up. Numerical simulation environments are powerful tools, which help to develop such design and ontrol procedure. The software TRNsys 16 was used to study the entire energy consumption during seven months of the model of a dwelling using thermal collectors and photovoltaic panels.

The new European regulations on energy saving were aimed at a reduction in consumption in the winter phase. This caused even warm countries such as Italy to use envelopes optimised for the winter phase only which are nevertheless unsuitable to the other seasons. The research was developed in order to understand the total yearly behaviour of different envelopes in Mediterranean climates. It started from a real case subject to: (i) monitoring; (ii) simulation of the as-built state for tuning up the software (ENERGYPLUS); (iii) parametric analysis.

Residential Building Energy Efficiency (RBEE) becomes more important in recent years in China. From 1986, Chinese government has carried out a series of codes of RBEE, but for kinds of reasons, the effect is not perfect enough. One important reason is In order to promote the development of RBEE, an energy labeling system was presented in this paper. In this labeling system, the real estate company was requested to label the energy consumption data of the houses to be sold on the sales documents, and show this data to the consumers.

This paper presents a new methodology for largescale commercial buildings energy consumption data analysis. This methodology relies on a unified energy consumption classification structure and on a set of index models and estimating models. All these elements have been combined into a data model that is presented in this article. This new methodology has been applied successfully to 4 office buildings, two of them being Chinese and two of them being French.

With the occurrence of indoor terrorism attacks and the accidental release of toxic chemicals, people have paid more attentions on such emergency events in recent years. The effective evaluation method of emergency ventilation strategies could help people find out the accurate way to control the ventilation system, and reduce the total loss during the event. In this article, two methods to evaluate the effect of ventilation are compared. One is based on Efficiency Factor of Contaminant Source (EFCS). The other is based on Exposure Risk (ER) and Population Risk (PR).

Subway is consisted of tunnels, platforms and ventilation shafts. The air flow between these structures forms a ventilation network. There is a need for fire modeling tools capable of both rapid and precise simulation for fire and smoke propagation in such ventilation network. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used in subway fire performance design. However, the boundary conditions used in models are always assumed to be constant.

Life cycle green cost assessment (LCGCA) method, which can evaluate building environmental load and economic performance throughout its life cycle comprehensively, is propounded in this paper in order to guide green building design. In LCGCA, environmental load (EL) cost is proposed based on concept of environmental tax and counted into general building initial cost and operating cost, and then green payback time (GPT) could be worked out. With this method, an office building in Beijing is studied.