Fault modelling in component-based HVAC simulation

Models of faulty components or processes may either be used on-line as part of a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system or may be used in simulations to train or test FDD procedures. Some faults may be modelled by choosing suitable values of the parameters of fault free models, whereas other faults require specific extensions to fault freemodels. An example of themodelling of various faults in a cooling coil subsystem is presented and different methods of using simulation in testing and training are discussed.