Presents CFD simulations and field experiments on ventilation efficiency in an underground car park with natural ventilation. A series of experiments were carried out to validate the results of the CFD calculation, looking at the decay of the concentration of tracer gas (SF6) in the area studied. A long/linear analysis of concentration with time was used to deduce the air change rate. It was found that experimental data were in good agreement with the CFD simulation result.
This study investigates the impacts of the three different types of carpark namely open (on surface), multistory and integrated carpark. The 1:200 scaled models were used in wind tunnel to gather pressure distribution data on the exterior surface of surrounding housing blocks. The data were collected from testing the various wind directions on different types of carpark. Using pressure coefficient (Cp) values, the ventilation performances represented by air change rate (ACH) in the selected units were calculated using CONTAM.
Describes an assessment using carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds as IAQ indicators for indoor air quality in a representative underground parking facility. Measurements were made at different time intervals throughout the day. The EMFAC7F1.1 model was used to estimate vehicular emission factors. Concentration profiles were then assembled using a transient mass balance model.
States that car park ventilation systems not only have to control the exhaust gases emitted by vehicles but take into account possible fuel spillages and the venting of smoke in the event of a fire. Explores ways of checking for compliance.
The use of energy for operating ventilation systems in underground car parks in Hong Kong is considered. A site survey has been carried out in 22 underground car parks. The physical size, configurations, and electrical rating of ventilation fans were the main mailers of interest. The indoor thermal environments, carbon monoxide concentrations, and operation of ventilation systems were examined. Mathematica/ expressions are developed and the predicted results examined for another 54 underground car parks.
An extensive survey has been carried out in 52 underground car parks in Hong Kong focusing on carbon monoxide concentrations in the air. So far as short term health effects are concerned this compound is generally regarded as the most important chemical species from car exhausts. Its presence can be used to quantify air pollution, and give an indicator of the air quality in car parks. The sites were sampled during peak hours. This report presents the results and analysis of the carbon monoxide levels measured.
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