manikin

The relation between the concentration and particle size of the human breathing and the way in which these particles are dispersed in hospital indoor environments are studied in this research. Breathing thermal manikins are used to, experimentally, simulate a human person and its breathing activity. Two breathing thermal manikins are placed in a hospital room, simulating an infected patient, together with another standing manikin simulating a health worker.

The impact of clothing, breathing and body posture on the thermal plume above a thermal manikin was investigated. Measurements of air velocity and temperature above the manikin were performed at four different heights above a sitting and a lying manikin. The results obtained from tests above the sitting manikin show an inverse proportion between the thermal insulation of clothing and the air velocity in the thermal plume. Air velocity in the thermal plume with the breathing function switched on equalled 90-98% of the values obtained for non-breathing experiments.

The assessment of the overall thermal insulation of the air shear layer surrounding a nude humanoid shape, as affected by different step rates, is the main objective of the present study. Step rateswere controlled at 0, 20, 30 and 45 steps/min. The measurements were carried out in a climate chamber with an articulated thermal manikin of the Pernille type with 16 body segments. In addition, the convective heat transfer coefficients for the 16 segments and for the whole body were determined for each step rate.

The performance of two personalized ventilation systems combined with mixing or displacement ventilation was studied under different conditions in regard to thermal comfort of seated occupants. The cooling performance of personalized ventilation was found to be independent of room air distribution. Differences between the personalized air terminal devices were identified in terms of
the cooling distribution over the manikins body. The personalized ventilation supplying air from the

The objective of this work is to evaluate the human thermal response in occupied spaces subjected to direct solar radiation. In this study, done in a full scale compartment equipped with an airconditioning system, a thermal-manikin (to simulate the human body posture), a multi-nodal human

The impact of airflow interaction on inhaled air quality and transport of contaminants betweenoccupants was studied in regard to pollution from floor covering, human bioeffluents andexhaled air, with combinations of two personalized ventilation systems (PV) with mixing anddisplacement ventilation. In total, 80 l/s of clean air supplied at 20C was distributed betweenthe ventilation systems at different combinations of personalized airflow rate. Two breathingthermal manikins were used to simulate occupants in a full-scale test room.

The influence of uniformly distributed cooling load is investigated on the air velocity in theoccupied zone. The experiments have been carried out in a scaled test room of 6 6 2 mwith a scale factor 1:1.5. The room is equipped with nine vortex inlets. The inlets areuniformly distributed; every inlet supplies a cubical volume to remove the maximum possiblecooling load with a minimum airflow rate. The air supply rates based on floor area are set to30 m/(h m2). The cooling load generated by mannequins is uniformly distributed and variesbetween 0 and 180 W/m2.

A number of different thermal manikins have been applied in literature to experimentallystudy the indoor environment. These manikins differ in size, shape and level of geometriccomplexity ranging from simple box or cylinder shaped thermal manikins to humanlikebreathing thermal manikins. None of the reported studies, however, deals with the influenceof geometry of the thermal manikin.

A number of different thermal manikins have been applied in literature to experimentallystudy the indoor environment. These manikins differ in size, shape and level of geometriccomplexity ranging from simple box or cylinder shaped thermal manikins to humanlikebreathing thermal manikins. None of the reported studies, however, deals with the influenceof geometry of the thermal manikin.