Recently most houses in northern Japan are highly insulated and air-tight, which can lead to seriousproblems such as indoor air pollution. It is important to evaluate the performance of an air-tight housefrom the viewpoint of ventilation. However, in general, houses consist of multiple rooms and each roomhas airflows in different directions which mix with each other. Therefore it is not easy to measure realventilation rates.The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a simplified method for measuring airflow rates in houseswhich have a basement with outer insulation.
The Nucleus Hospital programme has been progressed by the Department of Health for over a decade. The Maidstone District General Hospital was the first project which involved the construction of a complete hospital using the Nucleus design concept. Within a hospital, air movement patterns and air change rates are a prime concern in the case of Maidstone, the interest in these parameters was much greater in view of the fact that a natural ventilation strategy had been chosen for ward units.
The proposed task addresses the measurement methods using several tracer gases to measure the air flow rates between several zones of a building and between these zones and the outside air. If the building has N zones, there are N(N+1) unknown flowrates, which can be measured simultaneously using N different tracers. In so-called active methods the sampling of the atmospheres of the zones is made an active way, that is using either a mechanical pump or a manually actuated syringe or bag.
This article briefly describes a new piece of apparatus, recently developed at UMIST, which can be used for the determination of ventilation rates in, and air movement rates between, four interconnected cells.
Mass transfer due to pressure-driven air flow is one of the most important processes for determining both environmental quality and energy requirements in buildings. Heat, moisture, and contaminants are all transported by air movement between indoors and outdoors as well as between different zones within a building. Measurement of these air flows are critical to understanding the performance of buildings. Virtually all measurements of ventilation are made using the dilution of a tracer gas. The vast ma,jority of such measurements have been made in a single zone, using a single tracer gas.
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