In this paper, the statistical concepts of the stationary time series are used to determine the response of a simple structure to a turbulent, gusty wind.
This paper describes part of a research on the influence of environment on physiological reactions and thermal comfort. Experimental rooms and apparatus are described and the imperfections in some of the instrumental methods - especially in respect to the measurement of air change by tracer substances - are noted. A brief description of a method to measure air change is givenin which CO2 is used. The importance of limiting the rate of air change in rooms heated by fires - as a means to save heat - is stressed.
A wind tunnel of open-circuit configuration designed specifically for building aerodynamics is described and its performance is discussed. It has a working section 2 m wide x 1 m high x 8 m long with a maximum wind speed of 20 m/sec under
The calibration and use of a shielded dual sensor hot-wire probe, originally developed at McGill University for velocity measurement in highly turbulent and reversing flows, is described. The new probe permits measurements to be made in flow conditions which are not amenable to conventional hot-wire techniques. Two conventional hot-wire anemometers are used to drive the probeand a simple electronic circuit is required to decode the signals and producea continuous voltage analogue of the velocity component in one dimension.
Describes wind tunnel experiments on 3-dimensional flow around whole building formations. The pressure distribution on an isolated building with flow over the whole angular range was investigated. This was followed by examination of interference between high buildings of unequal height.
The use of lightwells and courtyards for natural ventilation in high-rise buildings is exaimed using both wind tunnel and field measurements of the pressures and neutral pressure zone caused by wind and temperature differences. Though air flow patterns are complex for complex building designs, air exchange rates in lightwells and courtyards were generally seen great enough to assure clean air for natural ventilation via air infiltration. However the cost of land in urban settings will probably make mechanical ventilation systems the economic choice.
This paper discusses the flow of air around ideal (cubic) structures on plane surfaces subjected to a turbulent boundary layer wind. These winds are shown to follow a power-law variation with height, while winds significantly effected by thermal stratification follow a log-linear distribution. Discussion of stagnation zones, flow separation, and pressure changes is included, with possible effects upon air quality and infiltration. Also discussed are variations in building design and addition of neighboring buildings, both which produce very complex winds, yet to be quantized.
A comprehensive computer program for the prediction of air flow and smoke migration in the building was applied to the 11 story administration building of the National Bureau of Standards. Natural air leakage rates under various climatic conditions for several ventilation system operations were obtained. The computed results were compared with measured air leakage rate by using the sulphur hexafluoride tracer gas technique. Smoke migration was simulated for the selected pressurization conditions.
Flow patterns at ground level in groups of buildings result from the complex interaction between the wind (impact, average speed distribution with height, and turbulence) and the buildings themselves (shapes, sizes, arrangements, etc.). The
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