Describes experimental method used and results obtained in a series of experiments to investigate characteristics of air flow through cracks in dwellings, including the straight-through, l-shaped and multi-cornered forms found in the construction of a dwelling. Aim is to supply accurate knowledge for computer simulation of ventilation effects in a room.
Conducts series of tunnel tests to examine ways in which wind influence air infiltration energy losses in housing. Develops qualitative model for air infiltration based upon a linear relationship between air flow and pressure difference across walls and roof surfaces. Tests a variety of wind-house orientations with the model. Assesses and compares sheltering effects provided by solid fences, adjacent houses and tall evergreen trees. NOTES See also later study by Mattingly et al. abstract no.187
Treats 4 mechanisms of building heat exchange with the environment and their effect on overall energy consumption: 1) air infiltration and exfiltration, pressure distributions and gradients and resulting mass transfer at building surfaces; 2) influence on surface heat transmission of turbulent mixing of air close to building surface and mechanisms causing this mixing; 3) how air circulation around buildings strongly affects air conditioning cooling towers and how incorrect location of ventilation inlets and exhausts can reduce thermal efficiencies of cooling equipment and increase fan power
Provides results of measurements of air infiltration and natural air movement in 3 high rise buildings (flats, university, offices). Gives measurements of pressure differences at doors and windows and between windward and leeward sides of buildings. Determines air flow through selected rooms by CO2 concentration measurements. States that data have contributed information towards new edition of Czechoslovak standard CSN 06 0210 concerning infiltration heat loss calculation in buildings.
Reviews mechanism of natural ventilation. Provides mathematical expressions for wind pressure distribution, stack effect, and air flows. Treats air leakage component's characteristics, both individually and connected in series or parallel. Employs model simplification to 1 and 2 Junctions. Illustrates a 1-Junction model calculation. Finds calculated and measured values agreed well for a large factory hall.
Discusses oxygen requirements and moisture emission of individuals and generation of CO2, odours, and aerosols in inhabited rooms. Treats calculation of hygienically necessary air flow rates. Notes characteristics of continuous andintermittent ventilation, whereby additional outside air is discharged into a room at set intervals when continuous airflow rate falls below hygiene requirements. Compares hygienically adequate, continuous ventilation with intermittent ventilation by calculating hygienically-necessary outside air flowrate using a mathematical mode.
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