Reports on an extension of the metabolic CO2 method for ventilation measurement to a naturally ventilated room having air flow connections with other internal spaces as well as the outside. Uses an infra-red gas analyser to monitor CO2 concentrations in the fresh air outside and also within theroom, the corridor and the ceiling space. An automatic unit switches the analyser between 6 sampling points. Comparison of the data with results from SF6 tracer gas decay methods gives close agreement.
Describes a technique for measuring air flows between internal zones of houses. Gives the theory of measuring one and two directional flows and describes the equipment used for practical measurements. Uses Freon 12, Freon 114 and BCF as tracer gases, and measures their concentrations using a gas chromatograph. Includes specimen results of one and two directional flows between a house and its roof. Discusses the possible applications of the method in houses.
Describes the ways heat is lost through doors, including flow characteristics, the effect of wind and the effect of temperature difference. Suggests that automatic doors will pay for themselves in terms of energy saved by cutting heat loss through entrances.
Examines airflow in the Glowworm cave of New Zealand using conventional methods together with experimental procedures using SF6 and CCL2F2 tracer gases. Results show that the rate and direction of airflow are a direct response to a thermally
Lists and explains the 10 rules to ensure correct domestic ventilation< 1. Ensuring the correct air supply< 2. Maintaining correct flow directions< 3. Maintaining stable ventilation conditions< 4. Avoiding discomfort zones< 5. Maximum use of window ventilation< 6. Matching the flow of air to the ventilation requirement< 7. Observing energy saving ventilation principles< 8. Considering smoke carryover in case of fire<9. Quiet operation<10. Ensuring low maintenance requirements for the system< Illustrates examples of ventilation practice in diagrams.
Describes a scale model test technique designed to estimate building ventilation flow rates due to wind as a function of its primary variables. Use of this method is illustrated by its application to the determination of wind-induced ventilation flow rates in earth-bermed, above-ground fallout shelters. Shelter models with 3 different sets of wall openings are tested over a range of relative wind angles varying from 0 to 90 degrees and wind speeds from 2.25 m/s to 6.75 m/s. Helium filled soap bubbles released in the approach wind boundary layer trace the flow through the buildings.
Investigates the relationship between fuel consumption in a multi-storey block of flats and climatic exposure. Fuel consumption anomalies between identical flats are attributed to vagaries in the airflow around the building and highlight the need for improved standards of thermal insulation and/or differential thermal insulation, dependent upon flat insulation.
Describes the major features of air flow around buildings, indicating how wind characteristics and building geometry interact to determine airflow round a house. Outlines work being done by Watson House in this area, mainly concerned with ventilation, flue performance and dispersal of combustion products.
Uses a multi-channel infra-red gas analyser to measure nitrous oxide tracer gas concentration at six points round a house. Combines concentrations to give overall house ventilation rates and to estimate the air exchange between individual rooms. The gas analyser is also used to measure air movement between the house and its roof (with 5 sampling points in the house and one in the roof). Results show that typically 20-30% of the air that enters a houseleaves via the roof space through gaps in the ceiling.
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