Sets out the results of research into ventilation and radioactive radiation in 20 private dwellings. All the houses had radon daughter contents in excess of 800 Bq/m3. One of the reasons for these high levels is infiltration of radon from the ground. Tests various methods for tracing the points where radon infiltrates into the house, and proposes measures for reducing the concentration of radon daughter products in the indoor air.
Presents the contents of a memorandum of evidence to the Royal Commission of Environmental Pollution. Treats exposure of the community to radiation caused by radon decay products in indoor air, which contributes about a third of the overall effective dose equivalent received annually by an average person in the UK. Treats surveys to improve the estimate of indoor exposure. Discusses the possibility of a radon limitation scheme.
Defines requirements for suitable indoor air quality and examines the technical and economical possibilities of suitable methods of ventilation. Differentiates between densely populated places (meeting places) and others of low occupancy, such as offices and living rooms. Finds that the most efficient way of satisfying hygiene requirements is by controlled air renewal, and that to achieve this mechanical ventilation according to DIN 1946 should be installed.
Residential energy consumption can be decreased if air infiltration is reduced. However, reduced air infiltration can lead to problems with indoor air quality (eg excess humidity and high levels of indoor-generated air contaminants.). One sol
Shows the ventilation of electrowinning cell houses and electrorefineries as being a complex problem. Develops a systematic approach to define the important contaminant generation rates including heat, moisture and acid mist. Discusses fluid dynamic scale modelling as a powerful tool for solving a building's flow field and contaminant concentration field. Examines other associated problems, including wintertime fogging in the building and the high costs of make-up building heat. Presents the possibilities for reclaim of low-grade waste heat, and evaluates the economic impact.
Provides basis for planning and installing plant for maintaining indoor climate based on previous draft which is based on earlier Danish Standard. Refers to several salient design criteria including leakage factors at given test pressure, maintenance of climate parameters, air quality, anticipated energy consumption. Gives example table for requirements of building in terms of m2/person depending on application. States example tolerances of air flows.
Over 200 reports of health hazard evaluations are available of sealed, air-conditioned buildings, requested by occupants who believe their buildings to be hazardous to their health. Describes a computer based building information system developed to extract relevant information about internal environmental measures, disease characteristics and history of occupants, as well as relevant features of the architecture and ventilation conditions of buildings.
Data collected in a LBL study on ventilation in four public buildings includes sensory evaluations of indoor environment and of physical and chemical properties of indoor air. Analyzes database to establish how the indoor odour acceptability criterion (acceptability by 80% of individuals entering theoccupied space) depends on other qualities of the indoor air. Finds that the staleness freshness rating correlates to the odour acceptability better than odour intensity alone. At low concentrations formaldehyde or aldehydes increase odour intensity but also improve odour acceptability.
Looks at ventilation requirements for both odour and physical acceptability and pays particular attention to the differences between smoking and non smoking occupancy in an environmental chamber. Results imply that under non smoking conditions and with moderate humidity, between 5 and 10 cfm of fresh air per occupant should satisfy 75% of visitors, but that under smoking conditions, many times as much fresh air is needed for both odour acceptability and compliance with customary criteria values for smoke.
Air change rate is often reported as a single number, with no attention paid to different values of air change rate in different zones of a building. This may affect air quality evaluation as there may be undetected zones where air change rate is too small, resulting in localized pollutant concentrations. Describes a multi-point tracer gas technique used to quantify air change ratein different zones of various residential buildings. Defines and calculates zonal ventilation efficiency terms, and proposes a criterion for analysis of the results for indoor air quality evaluation.
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