Describe tests carried out in an 850-seat auditorium of 4000 m3 to compare the readings of a CO2 indicator for controlling the ventilation air flow with the readings from a Stafa odour indicator. Supplies the results in diagrams and tables and discusses them. Notes the odour indication agrees well with the CO2 indication until a certain point when the CO2 concentration is decreasing. Notes this need not be a drawback.
Reviews the scientific literature on indoor air pollution. Low-pollution design and construction techniques employed in the Sunnyhill Low-Pollution Research Centre are outlined in detail and suggestions are made on their applicability to new and existing housing in Canada. The study recommends a four-fold approach to the indoor air pollution problem by government and the building industry: A) short-circuit major potential hazards, B) deal with low-pollution housing needs, C) spread and apply present knowledge, and D)foster more research and discussions on regulation.
A single family residence in St. Paul, Minnesota, constructed in 1957, was retrofitted in 1983. This resulted in approximately 50% reduction in annual heating consumption compared to the average consumption over the previous three years. However, the occupants complained of poor air quality. Measurements indicated that total particulates, CO, CO2, relative humidity, and temperature were at levels of some concern; NO2, radon and formaldehyde concentrations were not significant.
Introduces a new HVAC system which adapts the actual needed quantity of outside air and at the same time maintains the demanded thermal conditions. Apart from the temperature, the CO2-level in the controlled zones is used tocontrol the system. The new HVAC system is compared with a conventional one by computer simulation for annual energy consumption.
A gas sensor was used which measures the partial pressure caused by gases polluting the air. The sensor signal was measured in different rooms and compared with the pollution and CO2 rate in the air. The sensor can measure the air quality under various conditions and be used to control the fresh air volume, thus reducing ventilation heat losses.
Body odour emitted by 16 occupants at three activity levels (1, 4 and 6 met) was evaluated by 30 male and female judges. The judges assessed, when entering the occupied room, the intensity and acceptability of the body odour. CO2 concentration and air change rate were measured. For the same CO2 concentration, the body odour intensity was of the same magnitude whether the occupants were sedentary or engaged in physical activity up to 6 met. But odour caused by physical activity was less acceptable than odour from sedentary occupants.
Reviews the possible indicators for monitoring the indoor air quality and controlling the outdoor air intake. The technical feasibility of the system is also discussed. At present CO2 seems to be the best and most reliable indicator for indoor air quality when occupancy load varies. In future, however, it is likely that measuring devices based on semiconductor technology and measuring devices for particles will be more reliable and inexpensive and so very suitable for controlling the air quality, because they can take into account both occupancy load and tobacco smoke.
Person-equivalent flames are used to test the performance of ventilation taking account of human occupancy. The resulting carbon dioxide concentration is measured. Standardised bottle gas burners were found to be the most suitable gas sources. Candles were also examined and standardised for thepurpose. Possible risks are also discussed.
Direct gas fired heated make-up air is used in industrial buildings to replace exhausted air and to achieve a comfortable temperature while avoiding draughts. This study presents the results of an investigation of the pollution from such a system under different conditions.
The sink or removal rates for two reactive indoor air contaminants (NO2 and SO2) were evaluated in an environmental chamber as a function of material type (painted sheetrock, wallpaper and carpeting), variable surface area of the material, relative humidity and air mixing. Sink rates for SO2 are generally higher than those for NO2. The sink rates for NO2 and SO2 were found to increase with material surface roughness and material surface area. Increases in relative humidity had a pronounced positive impact on SO2 sink rates and a smaller but significant impact on NO2 sink rates.
Login