CO2

The Spanish Technical Building Code establishes the criteria for indoor air quality fixing minimum and constant ventilation rates per local. Currently, there is a proposal to modify the regulations so that the IAQ criteria becomes more useful by setting it based on average concentrations of CO2 and accumulated CO2 in the habitable rooms. However, the indoor average concentration is not the average concentration at which the occupants are exposed.

Over the last decade, TVOC sensors have been touted as an interesting alternative to CO2 and RH sensors in DCV systems. Nevertheless, there is little evidence on the nature and the profile of TVOC concentrations in modern dwellings.

Air quality in a classroom is very important. According to a study by Wargocki et al (2012) a shortage of ventilation in the classroom reduces the ability of students to concentrate and causes an increase in the number of errors during the elaboration of tasks. The aim of this study was to contribute to the optimization of acquisition and operating costs of HVAC equipment and to ensure hygienic requirements of air quality in the indoor environment for classrooms.

The present study aims at investigating carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations inside elementary schools’ classrooms and how students’ productivity is affected. Measurements were conducted in 9 naturally ventilated schools of Attica from April to May 2013. Monitoring lasted for 7 hours per day, for a period of one to five days per school. CO2 concentrations were monitored simultaneously in the inside and the outside environment of the classrooms. Indoor concentrations of CO2 in almost all schools were higher than the ASHRAE threshold limit values.

The exposure of children to indoor air pollutants in school classrooms might cause them adverse health effects. In order to confront this issue, the in-depth study and evaluation of the indoor air quality in classrooms is necessary. The aims of this study are to characterize the environmental factors that affect indoor air quality.

The monitoring of a demand controlled heat recovery ventilation system with ground heat exchange in a zero-energy building in Groenlo, The Netherlands, revealed interesting practical insights.

The winter thermal environment and indoor air quality in classrooms has been reported to be very poor in Japan. In this study, an air-conditioned, mechanically ventilated classroom was surveyed. Air temperature, globe temperature and the concentration of CO2 were monitored before, during and after the three-hour occupancy by 35 adults. Airtightness and airflow rates of the ventilation system were also measured.

This paper reports on research carried out to develop natural ventilation control strategies for densely occupied learning spaces with the intention of improving indoor air quality and heating energy consumption. Investigations were carried out for two test cases according to the characteristics given in CIBSE Guide A (2006) and Building Bulletin (BB) 101 (UK Department for Education, 2006). The performance of these test cases were assessed using dynamic thermal simulation with fixed CO2 set-points, based on which opening dampers are controlled.

To clarify the indoor climate in Japanese college classrooms, an air-conditioned, mechanically ventilated classroom of a university was surveyed. Temperatures, humidity and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in winter and summer were measured before, during and after lessons. The airtightness of the room and the airflow rate of the ventilation system were also measured. In winter, at an outdoor air temperature around 0 ºC and with the thermostat temperature of the air conditioners set to 30 ºC, the vertical difference in room air temperature exceeded 10 ºC.

The concentration of CO2 was measured during driving the automobile and during standing. VOCsconcentration was measured during standing. Two ventilation modes were prepared; 1) all fresh airmode and 2) all re-circulation mode in the car compartment. The windows of the automobile werealways closed during this measurement. The ventilation rate and the airchange rate were determinedby the concentration of CO2.