The objective of this study is to provide research results of the actual conditions concerning theconcentrations of PM10, PM2.5, PM1 and CO2 among particle and gaseous pollutants in a subwaycarriage. Mean concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1, and CO2 in a subway carriage wereinvestigated as 215.1101.4 ? m-3, 86.938.6 ? m-3, 27.011.4 ? m-3, and 1,588714 ppm,respectively. These mean concentrations in a subway carriage were higher when it ran on anunderground track than on a ground track.
District Heating and Cooling system (DHC) is an efficient energy system as they can supply chilled andheating water/steam effectively by integrating heating and cooling demand of neighboring buildings.However, there is possibility for further improvement of energy efficiency by integrated operation ofadjacent DHC and utilizing waste heat from municipal incinerators and CHPs. In this study, the effect ofsuch flexible use of heat and electricity in integrated DHC systems is examined. The main object is toraise total thermal efficiency and reduce CO2 emission.
The purpose of this study is to determine how levels of ventilation rates and indoor air quality vary in elementary schools in southern Japan. This study is based on field monitoring carried out as intermittent monitoring from summer to winter. The concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and the air exchange rates were measured in four classrooms in Kagoshima City. The measurements also included carbon dioxide (CO2) in a selected classroom with occupancy of the pupils.
States that in January to April 1989, over 90% of greater Montreal day car centres exceeded 1000 ppm of carbon dioxide. Independent positive predictors were the child density, presence of electric heating, absence of a ventilation system and age of the building. Recommends that clear standards and inspection policies should be set for day care centre air quality.
In order to explain the effect of ventilation systems, the article presents the results of investigations made on a simulation program to calculate the temperature, heat loads, ventilation rates and indoor air quality. The study considered the Japanese daily schedule and the residents behaviour in regard to maintaining comfort. The indicators of indoor air quality were taken to be carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and formaldehyde concentrations. Three systems were analysed: basic passive ventilation system, a passive stack ventilation system and a mechanical ventilation system.
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