condensation

Intermittent heating patterns, characteristic of Israel and other countries with a mild winter enable energy · conservation at the expense of very high peak energy consumption; · very low levels of thermal comfort; and surface condensation and mould growth problems. The paper summarizes a research project which included analysis of total daily energy consumption, partial energy during evening (peak) hours, weighted cost of total energy, improved thermal comfort, internal surface temperatures -of the external envelope, and surface temperatures of partitions.

The computer model SIN-BIP is built as a combined model that can calculate energy consumption, price and environmental load for a building to get an energy efficient building. The program has a database with information of price, thermal conductivity, moisture conductivity, energy content and CO2-emission for materials. On the basis of this information can the program calculate for each construction, the U-value, the moisture resistance (and if there is condensation), the price, the energy used for producing the material and the environmental load from CO2-emission at the production.

Ventilation codes for swimming pools are based on preventing condensation. To save energy, air recycle with dehumidification is common. This successfully controls moisttke, but does not remove airborne contaminants arising from evaporation of chemically treated pool water. This contamination may cause discomfort, irritation or even harm.

Dynamic insulation stands for an insulation through which an air flow flows. The air flow is usually the normal ventilation flow. The air can flow in the same or in the opposite direction of the normal heat flow. The dynamic insulation can be arranged as single where only inlet or exhaust air passes the insulation, or as combined where inlet and exhaust air pass one half of the insulation each. Dynamic insulation using exhaust air might result in condensation problems in cold climates.

Ventilation is necessary to insure acceptable indoor air quality as well as to protect the building itself against damage due to condensation Ventilation rates however, must not lead to excessive energy consumption In order to comply with these requirements of hygiene, comfort and energy savings, French regulations stipulate that the ventilation of dwellings has to be general and continuous and achieved by specific systems by which fresh air is provided to the dwellings.