The investigation was divided into several parts: 1, measurements of a mechanical ventilation system, 2, calculation model for this system, 3, measurements of the air leakage of the facades of a flat and 4, calculation model for this flat.
The purpose of the project has been to determine the saving in energy obtained in the practical operation of an FTX-system -that is, a fan-controlled supply and exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery - compared to an F-system, which is solely a fancontrolled exhaust system. The investigation, carried out in a terrace-house district in Skellefteg, showed the following savings for the FTX-systems in comparison with the F-systems: in 1-storey houses (81 m², airtightness approx. 1): appr. 1000 kWh/year in 2-storey houses (99.5 m², airtightness approx. 3) : appr. 1250 kWk/year.
Measurements were made in the PIKO low-rise pilot building project to study air tightness, interior air quality, and air heating in 15-30 residences in various seasons. Exterior wall air tightness was measured in 70 units and repeated in 10.
Decreased ventilation, achieved by weather stripping and other tightening measures, is the most cost effective way to energy conservation. A very low investment can result in a considerable decrease in ventilation rate. For a typical detached
To propose guidelines for minimum ventilation rates which are sufficiently large to meet the demand for fresh air without unnecessarily wasting energy, in IX "Minimum ventilation rates" within the IEA Programme "Energy conservation in buildings and community systems" nine countries are co-operating. The participants have in a first step summarised existing knowledge, national standards and current and required research. The work that was required covers a wide range of disciplines, from hygiene and medicine on one hand to engineering and building science on the other.
A major research endeavour has been initiated to establish the extent to which prevailing ventilation codes for American hospitals should be revised to achieve the dual purpose of improving the patient care environment and increasing the energy efficiency of health care institutions. Accomplishments during the first year of this study and the activities planned for continuing investigations are the subject of this presentation.
In addition to air quality problems encountered in other sealed buildings, both workers and patients in hospitals may be exposed to very special air contaminant problems. Levels and ranges of a variety of chemical pollutants measured in 16 h
A reduction of infiltration and ventilation rates by a mere 1% would reduce annual US energy costs by about 300 million dollars. Infiltration and ventilation activities are an important part of the comprehensive energy conservation research policy of the US Department of Energy. The starting point for this policy is an analysis of how energy is used in buildings, starting with an examination of the buildings themselves. Summarizes US research and future activities.
Windbreaks probably are more important for reducing infiltration of cold outside air into houses than for reducing convective heat losses. It is difficult to estimate the magnitude of tree effects on energy use for space conditioning on a year-round basis, but past studies suggest that trees have the potential to reduce winter fuel consumption by 10-25%. Describes several studies of trees as windbreaks and for summer shade. Discusses location of trees with respect to buildings.
Indoor air quality sampling strategies and analytical techniques have changed significantly in the past ten years. The changes reflect both the shifts in study objectives and the development of new forms of instrumentation. Toillustrate these trends, this paper describes early field techniques for measuring indoor air quality using a heavily instrumented mobile laboratory that is suitable for measuring one building intensively for up to four weeks.The style of measurement now is complemented by large field survey projects using passive samplers as the dominant instrumentation.
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