Approximately 35% of US single-family houses contain forced-air heating and cooling ducts that pass through unconditioned spaces. These duct systems have been shown to have a potentially large. Influence on energy use and ventilation rates. To investigate the parameters affecting the performance of these systems, a 31-house field study of distribution-system performance based on diagnostic measurements was performed in California, and an integrated airflow and thermal simulation tool was developed.
The number of smokers differs mainly with age, sex, education, profession, and cultural background. The change in habits from the 2nd World War till today in form of increasing number of female smokers and decreasing number of male smokers is significant. The smoking of tobacco causes pollutants in the form of volatile organic compounds, particles, and carbon monoxide. Many of the pollutants are carcinogenic. In some cases the concentration of specific tobacco smoke related pollutants in room air may be higher than the maximum allowable concentration.
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