We are presently working on problems associated with kindergartens which, with regard to indoor climate, are quite over populated. Typically, the kindergartens are around 300 m2 inarea and 700-1,000 m3 in volume, with 60-80 children, and withnatural ventilation only. The basic air change rate is 0.2-0.4 ach. As we have shown*, users have a tremendous impact on air infiltration which, in the kindergartens, rises from the basic 0.2-0.4 to 0.7-1.5 ach when the kindergarten is in use.
The paper begins by developing the concept of CONTAINMENT and describes how the ventilation system of a nuclear plant plays amajor role in the provision of this CONTAINMENT and in ensuring that the plant can be operated safely. It continues to describe the various demands that a nuclear plant places on the ventilation system and describes the types of areas that require ventilation. The paper finally describes how BNFL Engineering Division have designed a new generation of reprocessing plants for Sellafield that have low air throughputs.
An investigation has been carried out using computational fluid dynamics methods to study the performance of an air curtain at the door of a heated building. A number of operating conditions have been studied and observations are made on the effectiveness of infiltration control and energy use. Comparisons are also made with previously published design data and results from an accepted infiltration analysis. It is shown that the calculation method generates plausible and very detailed results which conform well to physical interpretation.
Going against the conventional wisdom, a builder in Colorado built-and sold more than 700 extra-energy-efficient homes. The homes' owners now spend half as much on space heating as their neighbors do.
This paper details a set of guidelines for the design of thermally efficient houses in the generally temperate climate of Greece, using the common construction materials of Greek contemporary housing and employing simple passive design techniques. The guidelines should be of use to the designers of climate sensitive housing in Greece. The relationship between heat capacity· levels of thermal insulation and size of openings are considered in detail. The Building Bioclimatic Chart devised by Givoni and the Energy Simulation Computer program ESP are the mai tools of the study.
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