In this study we evaluated the diffusion of nitrous oxide in a few operating rooms, using spatial data modelling techniques, in order to assess hospital staff exposure and to promote risk management. Indoor air sampling was carried out, during routine operating activity, by means of transportable infrared spectrometer, with geostatistical techniques. We detected high average concentrations of nitrous oxide (from 8 ppm to 445 ppm, with a peak of 1345 ppm).
Different types of air-conditioning systems, including constant-air-volume air systems, variable-air-volume air systems, fan coil systems, other terminal unit systems, induction units, etc., are described in this paper. Different types of rooms are described. The advantages, disadvantages, and different maintenance needs of a variety of air-conditioning systems, including constant-air-volume air systems, variable air- volume air systems, fan coil systems, terminal unit systems, dual-duct systems, and induction unit systems are reviewed.
According to published statistical data, most TB contamination occurs from unknown and unsuspected TB carriers. It can be found in many areas of a health care facility where, based on the building code requirements, the air is not exhausted to the outside but recirculated to other areas of the facility. Although any system exhausting instead of recirculating the air greatly minimizes the risk of contamination, all-exhaust systems are not used because of their increased energy consumption. As an alternative method, recirculated air is HEPA filtered.
This paper provides an overview of inpatient bedroom and support space criteria based on clinical requirements of care. Space requirements are described functionally as they relate to the level of care required or the acuity of the patient. For the purposes of this paper, and in the majority of cases, the level of care provided falls into one of two categories: acute care or intensive care.
Login