During the last decade several surveys in Sweden have indicated that the indoor climate in existing schools is unsatisfactory, therefore a thorough project was carried out in Växjö). The indoor climate was investigated in three schools during 1989. Detailed measurements were made of ventilation (e.g. rates, air exchange efficiency), indoor air quality (e.g. CO2) and thermal comfort (e.g. air velocity). The main results were: high indoor temperatures, low air velocities and high concentration of CO2. Improvements were made in all three schools during 1990.
The NORWEB Headquarters in Manchester, UK, is an air conditioned energy efficient office building of unusual design, completed in 1988. It has three stories with overhanging canopies providing solar shading and 21 % solar control glazing. The open plan interior is ventilated by a displacement system with three twist outlets in the floor to each desk position. A detailed questionnaire survey showed this to be one of the 'healthiest' buildings tested so far, with a very low 'building sickness symptom score'.
Good indoor air quality in buildings becomes such a major concern that new design recommendations emerge in many countries (USA, Nordic Countries,...). Improvement of the interior environment should not beat the expense of higher energy consumption. Heat recovery systems are one appropriate answer to this challenge. However, additional energy savings could be achieved by applying demand controlled ventilation when the internal loads vary significantly. A CO2 controlled ventilation system has been installed in a conference room with high variable occupancy in mid 91.
The purpose of this study was to carry out a mathematical modelling analysis of the effect of indoor pollutant source strengths and ventilation rates on the concentration of pollutants. These concentrations are then compared to various human exposure limits and targets. The modelling was carried out for a variety of ages of residential detached housing for a range of Canadian climatic conditions. Although a literature search was performed, pollutant source strength data for housing was not generally available.
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