This report reviews research into the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from paints and coatings from two perspectives: (a) drying and film formation, and (b) voc emission into indoor air. The former has been investigated by the paint industry for some decades, especially in relation to understanding drying mechanisms to assist product formulation and development. The latter is of more recent interest and is directed to predicting and controlling the impact of VOC emissions from paints and coatings on indoor air quality.
Poor air quality in office buildings can result in loss of productivity, absenteeism and, in some cases, medical problems. The purpose of this Update is to provide guidelines for property managers and engineers for controlling indoor air quality using building ventilation systems.
If a proposed European standard on indoor air quality gets the green light, architects and engineers could face the biggest upheaval in design practice since the invention of air conditioning. Dogged by constant controversy, the so-called Fanger standard is now out for a European vote. The Scandinavians say it will work, the UK says not. Who is right? Building Services Journal and the BRE convened a top team of designers and architects to find out.
A buoyancy-capture principle is firstly revisited as the most important fluid dynamics mechanism in kitchen range hoods. A recent new derivation of the capture efficiency of a kitchen range hood, which eliminates the inconsistencies and inadequacies of existing derivations, shows that the capture efficiency equals the ratio of capture flow rate to total plume flow rate in a confined space. The result is applied here, together with the buoyancy-capture principle, to derive a simple formula for determining capture efficiency.
With environmental issues (such as high energy costs for air-conditioning and related C02 emissions and global warming) in mind, designers are increasingly considering natural ventilation as the primary design option. Naturally ventilated office buildings can typically consume less than half the delivered energy consumed in air-conditioned buildings representing cost-effective energy savings of the order of 20-30%.
The existing literature contains strong evidence that characteristics of buildings and indoor environments significantly influence rates of respiratory disease, allergy and asthma symptoms, sick building symptoms, and worker performance. Theoretical considerations, and limited empirical data, suggest that existing technologies and procedures can improve indoor environments in a manner that significantly increases health and productivity.
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