measurement

This paper presents the results of a study that explored if higher indoor minus outdoor CO2 concentrations were associated with increased student absence. The results of multivariate analyses are presented.

A summary of environmental investigations carried out from 1992 to 2002 in Italian schools in operation by the ISPESL is provided in this article. After having identified the potential sources of exposure, bulk and air samplings were performed in the suspected contaminated areas. The samplings were then collected on membrane filters. Their analysis was made by phase contrast optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

That study was conducted in Nashville (TN) : during six weeks, measurements using passive ozone samplers were made on a group of school children aged 10 to 12 to estimate the outdoor/indoor /personal ozone exposure. Personal ozone exposure depends of the time spent indoors and outdoors.

Thanks to an uncertainty analysis, the demonstration has been made that the APT method can, over a wide range of conditions, outperform a pitot tube, but can't do it when the damper is nearly open. Tests have confirmed the results of the uncertainty analysis.

The mathematical model described in this paper relates position, velocity and aerodynamic Torque characteristics of air dampers. That model has been has been developed and tested experimentally : the results demonstrate its accuracy.

A research project aimed at investigating IAQ and thermal, acoustic and visual comfort was carried out in Italian high school and university classrooms. The investigations were performed through field campaigns during regular lesson periods consisting of subjective surveys and measurements. This work focuses in analysing the results from the IAQ investigations at four high schools of Provincia di Torino during the heating period.

To get closer from comfort and energy levels of new buildings conciliating economical viability for the big retrofitting market : the challenge opens the way to the most innovative ventilation systems. In this context was born a new hybrid ventilation system mixing demand-controlled components and low pressure assistance fan. HR-VENT is an exceptional large-scale monitoring launched in France in the suburb of Paris in order to measure the effectiveness of this new system, as well as to improve the knowledge on the hybrid and standard natural ventilation.

This paper deals with the relevance of Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) results confronted tomeasurements carried out under uncontrolled thermal conditions. Experimental tests have been undertaken in a room and in a kitchen of an experimental house. Although the wall surface temperatures and the air intake temperature have not been imposed, the air change rates have been controlled during the measurements. Moreover, since measurements have been carried out in a real environment, air leakage has occurred at the walls.

This study deals with the ventilation performance of two storey dwellings employing stack effect ventilation to satisfy the overall ventilation requirement. The SRF (Supply Rate Fulfillment) index was used as a ventilation performance index. The experiments were implemented to measure effective fresh air rate by using tracer gas in a test house. Following are the results of the experiments and the theoretical calculations. The measured air change rate and the SRF value were fairly close to the theoretical calculation.

Sheffield City Council in the UK identified some dwellings of non-standard construction that needed to be refurbished. The refurbishment mainly involved applying insulation and rendering to the exterior surfaces of external walls and replacing old windows. The main aims of the refurbishment for the Council were to improve the condition and appearance of the dwellings and reduce conductive heat loss through the fabric.