Discusses principle that the position of supply air devices has a considerable influence on the ventilation efficiency that can be achieved. Considers factors affecting ventilation efficiency and different ventilation models. Illustrates different air supply systems.
Over 200 reports of health hazard evaluations are available of sealed, air-conditioned buildings, requested by occupants who believe their buildings to be hazardous to their health. Describes a computer based building information system developed to extract relevant information about internal environmental measures, disease characteristics and history of occupants, as well as relevant features of the architecture and ventilation conditions of buildings.
The concept of age, or residence time is applicable to characterize both how the supplied air or a contaminant is spread within an enclosed space and how quickly a contaminant is removed. Discusses the application of the concept toany enclosed space with air intakes and extracts. Establishes a direct relationship between the age concept, exposure to contaminants, and equilibrium concentrations. Treats different tracer gas techniques for measuring the age distributions and derived quantities.
Discusses whether air conditioning could be replaced. Treats the evolving concept of constructing office buildings designed to meet comfort conditions by natural ventilation, with mechanical ventilation, cooling and humidification applied only during the coldest parts of the winter and hottest periods of the summer. Describes the practical application of this concept to three office buildings in West Germany.
Performs an investigation concerning the operation of ventilation systems in an old building (a museum) after extensive repairs have been made. The new ventilation system is a supply and exhaust type. Measures ventilation rate and energy consumption for 1. mechanical air supply and and exhaust 2. Mechanical exhaust only 3. Exhaust from the secondary space only with other ventilation ducts closed. Uses nitrous oxide as tracer gas. Measurement of radon concentration shows that concentration is lower in 1 than 2, in spite of the fact that the air change rate is the same in both (0.7 ach).
Notes that there is currently no generally accepted term for the efficiency of a system in terms of pollution removal. Different proposals have been suggested. There is now sufficient factual data to determine the difference inability of different systems to evacuate pollution. This is despite the factthat the requirement for minimum flow is the same for all fan-assisted ventilation. The requirement is also unrelated to whether the system is an extract or push-pull system and where the ventilation devices are positioned.
Describes measurements of the leakage area of fireplaces,bathroom and kitchen exhaust vents, electrical outlets and leakage in the ducts of forced air distribution systems. Makes component leakage measurements in a total of 34houses in Atlanta, Georgia, Reno Nevada and the San Francisco Bay area. Finds damperless fireplaces and ductwork to be the most significant sources of leakage in the western houses.
Reviews technical progress being made in the industrial ventilation field by different investigators through out the world. Subjects reviewed and updated include natural ventilation, local exhaust ventilation, specialised ventilation techniques (dilution, air jets, air curtains, recirculation of filtered air, tracers for ventilation studies) and mine ventilation. Presents typical applications of the new technology to solving industrial ventilation problems, and identifies areas requiring further research and development.
Identifies alternative methods available to control indoor air pollutant exposures. Describes the performance characteristics of ventilation systems and of air cleaning devices used in mixed modes for ventilation of occupied spaces. Reviews models for predicting effectiveness of several alternative modes, with field trial validation results cited where available. Briefly reviews previous confined-space studies as points of departure for consideration of necessary air quality, ventilation and air cleaning.
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