Shows that the leakage test in most buildings with mechanical ventilation may be performed with the ventilation system itself with only a slight reduction in the accuracy of the measurements. Using fans in the ventilation system, the pressure difference inside/outside may often reach a measurable value of 5-10 pa. If such a pressure difference is not obtained, the leakage exceeds allowable values and the building should be tightened. Before measuring, all of the supply air openings in outer core of the building should be closed and taped. All doors inside the apartment should be open.
Reports on single family dwellings fitted with energy-saving ventilation unit. Quotes energy savings of 10,000 Kwh/annum. Points out that adequate indoor climate can be maintained through tight houses, mechanical ventilation and heat recovery as opposed to airing rooms by opening windows.
Assesses the efficacy of an engineered mechanical ventilation system in controlling indoor humidity in one of the HUDAC Mark XI houses. Develops a mathematical model of the home, which is used to demonstrate the interaction between outdoor humidity, infiltration and ventilation rates, and indoor moisture generation and their influence on indoor humidity levels. Discusses the operating effectiveness of the rotary heat exchanger and the energy saved through its use.
In most office buildings, the continuous renewal of air cannot be guaranteed by means of ventilation through windows during any optional time. It is known (in the case of radiators and window ventilation) that when a window is open the ventilating heat cannot be recovered and other heat losses will occur.< The paper proves that the heating of a building by air is a greater energy saver then the conventional solution through static heating and window ventilation.
Measures the air infiltration in individual rooms of a one-storey airtight house, using a special tracer gas measurement technique. Concludes that the overall ventilation rate was very low for the test house, although it had mechanical ventilation (exhaust fan). States that the best way of getting adequate ventilation is to install a ventilation system with built-in routes where fresh air can enter the building. This should either be balanced ventilation system or an exhaust fan system with special vents to the outside for supplying fresh air.
Describes the main energy R and D projects in the building sector which are financed by the Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry. Projects in the 1970's included improving the air tightness of buildings, and balancing and controlling ventilation systems. Projects started in the 1980's include energy-economic improvement of ventilation and the building envelope, and development of heat pumps.
Presents the extra costs in new housing of a number of measures designed to reduce space heating costs. The measures used to reduce energy consumption in new houses in Sakatoon were:< 1. airtightness with controlled ventilation< 2. superinsulation< 3. use of the south windows for passive solar gain.< States that results are applicable in most parts of the Canadian prairie.
The use of sealants and gaskets are often recommended as an effective energy saving measure. However, the energy saved depends on the function of building and ventilation as a total system. This paper describes the effect of sealing the outer walls in residential buildings with natural and exhaust ventilation respectively. With natural ventilation, making the walls twice as tight reduces the air exchange by half, whereas with exhaust ventilation the reduction in air exchange is very small.
As insulation standards improve, heat loss by ventilation becomes a larger proportion of the total heat loss from a building. Ventilation control is therefore necessary to minimize heating energy consumption in houses. States that while passive systems and those requiring occupant participation maygive satisfactory results, only a mechanical system can provide predictable ventilation routes and rates at all times. An extract only system has low initial cost, but it is difficult to ensure fresh air ventilation throughout the rooms of the house.
Presents new data acquired by experiments on the ventilation rates and the indoor air pollution caused by combustion in the dining-kitchens of sound-insulated houses. Ventilation rates were measured by means of tracer gas decay, using CO2 and CO as the tracer gases. Indoor air pollution was estimated from the elevation of CO and CO2 levels, and the effect of supply or exhaust fan systems on the control of ventilation was deduced from the level of air pollution and ventilation rates.
Login