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Fountain and Huizenga (1995) conducted a comprehensive literature review of thermal comfort models. Significant advances in thermal comfort modeling have been achieved since that review. The present paper summarizes the advances in thermal comfort modeling for both building and vehicle HVAC applications that have occurred since Fountain and Huizengas literature review. This paper is intended to describe the potential use of these models and to demonstrate their suitability for predicting comfort during complex transient and non-uniform environmental conditions.

This paper focuses on the mathematical modeling of dynamic human thermal comfort under highly transient conditions for automotive applications. A combined physiological and psychological modeling approach was taken. First, the transient environmental and human activity data, plus the
clothing insulation data, were used as inputs to a human thermal model to determine the physiological responses for the vehicle thermal environmental conditions. Secondly, a series

This paper focuses on the experimental research of developing models to effectively predict the dynamic whole body and local thermal comfort under highly transient conditions. Two approaches were taken subsequently. The first step was to collect environmental data with a testing vehicle under transient and non-uniform conditions. An environmental chamber was used to simulate 16 typical winter and summer conditions, which fully covered the range of thermal conditions necessary

A new generally applicable model for calculating the surface emissions of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) from building materials and the VOC instantaneous distributions in the materials is developed. Different from the mass transferbased models in the literature, it doesnt neglect the mass transfer resistance through the air phase boundary layer. Results obtained by using the presented model are validated with experiments from the literature. By normalizing the model, the

The infiltration term in the building energy balance equation is one of the least understood and most difficult to model. For many residential buildings, which have an energy performance dominated by the envelope, it can be one of the most important terms. There are numerous airflow models;
however, these are not combined with whole building energy simulation programs that are in common use in North America. This paper describes a simple multizone nodal airflow model

This paper presents the objectives and results of the initial stage of an ongoing research project on coupling of building energy simulation (BES), airflow network (AFN), and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) programs. The objective of the research underlying this paper is to develop and verify a prototype cooperative BES, AFN, and CFD design environment for optimization of building energy performance and indoor environment.

The impact of infiltration and ventilation flows on energy use in commercial buildings has received limited attention. One of the reasons for this lack of study is that the commonly used programs for estimating the energy use of buildings do not incorporate the interzonal airflow modeling techniques
required to adequately account for the effect of these factors on energy usage. To address this issue and provide insight into the impact of these flows, the CONTAM airflow modeling tool

A adaptive controller was devised and implemented within the ESP-r simulation program to support the conflation of CFD with dynamic whole building thermal simulation. This controller manages all interactions between the coupled thermal and CFD modeling domains. It employs a quasi-steadystate modeling approach, wherein the separate CFD and thermal modeling domains operate in tandem and exchange information at their model domain boundaries on a per-time-step basis. A double-pass modeling approach is employed.

This investigation uses three subgrid-scale models of large eddy simulation (LES) to study airflows in and around buildings. They are the Smagorinsky model, a filtered dynamic subgrid-scale model, and a stimulated small-scale subgridscale model. For outdoor airflow that is highly turbulent, the simple Smagorinsky model is sufficient. For indoor airflow where laminar flow can be as important as turbulent flow, the filtered dynamic subgrid-scale model and the stimulated small-scale subgrid-scale model are recommended.

Using a newly developed simulation model for electricpowered compression heat pumps, ventilation modules with an integrated exhaust air heat pump for supplying heat for passive solar houses are studied. New units are tested in the conception and design phase. Different designs can be compared before readings are taken from the first prototype. The capacity of the method is tested and the simulation model is validated on the example of a simulated integrated ventilation and heat supply unit for passive solar houses that is intensively measured.